2: Diversity of cells and their function

Question 1

What are the four basic tissue types?

Answer 1

Epithelium

Connective tissue

Muscle

Nervous tissue

Question 2

What does epithelium cover?

Answer 2

Surfaces of the body

Linings of tubes, where external meets internal

Question 3

Glands are an example of which type of tissue?

Answer 3

Epithelium

Question 4

What type of tissue plays a role in development, growth and homeostasis of tissues?

Answer 4

Connective tissue

via fat, it also plays a role in energy storage

Question 5

What do muscle cells do?

Answer 5

Generate force through contraction

Question 6

What is the role of nervous tissue?

Answer 6

Communication between different parts of the body

Question 7

Epithelial cells are polarised. What are the two surfaces of epithelial cells called?

Answer 7

Apical surface - facing the lumen

Basal surface - facing the basal lamina

Question 8

What is the basal lamina of an epithelial cell?

Answer 8

Basement membrane - where the epithelial cells are attached to connective tissue

Question 9

Are epithelial cells vascular?

Answer 9

No - nutrients from capillaries have to diffuse across the basement membrane

Question 10

What does squamous epithelium look like?

Answer 10

Flat

Question 11

What does cuboid epithelium look like?

Answer 11

Cube-shaped

Question 12

What does columnar epithelium look like?

Answer 12

Tall and thin

Question 13

What is simple epithelium?

Answer 13

One layer

Question 14

What is stratified epithelium?

Answer 14

2+ layers

Question 15

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

Answer 15

Looks like 2+ but is actually one layer thick

Question 16

Apart from covering surfaces, epithelial cells can also serve as ___.

Answer 16

glands

Question 17

What are the two types of glands?

Answer 17

Endocrine and exocrine

Question 18

Towards which end of the cells do exocrine glands secrete their products?

Answer 18

Apical

Question 19

Towards which end of the cells do endocrine cells secrete their products?

Answer 19

Basal

Question 20

What are some examples of soft connective tissue?

Answer 20

Tendons, ligaments, mesentery

Question 21

What are some examples of hard connective tissue?

Answer 21

Bone and cartilage

Question 22

What are the two main constituents of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue?

Answer 22

Fibres

Tissue fluid

Ground substance

Question 23

What are the four main cells of connective tissue?

Answer 23

Fibroblasts (maintain the extracellular matrix)

Adipose cells (store fat)

Osteocytes (bone cells)

Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)

Question 24

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 24

Hyaline

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

Question 25

Where is **hyaline cartilage** found?

Answer 25

**Joints** **Tracheal rings** **Epiphyseal growth plates**

Question 26

What is the name given to the **hard, outer bone**?

Answer 26

**Cortical bone**

Question 27

What name is given to the **soft, inner bone**?

Answer 27

**Trabecular bone**

Question 28

What are the **three** main types of muscle?

Answer 28

**Smooth** **Skeletal** **Cardiac**

Question 29

Smooth muscle is (**voluntary / involuntary**).

Answer 29

**involuntary**

Question 30

Why is smooth muscle called smooth?

Answer 30

**No striations**

Question 31

Skeletal muscle is (**voluntary / involuntary**).

Answer 31

**voluntary**

Question 32

Skeletal muscle is **(multinucleated / single nucleated).**

Answer 32

**multinucleated**

Question 33

Where are the nuclei of skeletal muscle cells found?

Answer 33

**Towards the periphery**

Question 34

Which structures, found in **cardiac muscle cells**, allow the transmission of electrical impulses between cells?

Answer 34

**Intercalated discs**

Question 35

Where are the nuclei of cardiac muscle cells found?

Answer 35

**Towards the centre**

Question 36

How many nuclei does a single cardiac muscle cell have?

Answer 36

**Just one**

Question 37

go back and look at nerve cells