2. Drug - definition, origin and nomenclature. Drug form and drug product Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the definition of a drug?
A drug is any substance, that when introduced to the body– changes its normal structure, function and processes
What are the different ways that drugs are used?
Drugs can be used for;
1.) The diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and medical conditions
2.) Altering physiological functions such as pain, inflammation
3.) Be used for recreational purposes
What are the different types of drug origins?
Plant based drug origins
Animal based drug origins
Mineral based drug origins
Synthetic drug origins
What are plant based drug origins Name examples as well.
PLANT BASED DRUG ORIGINS - Many drugs come from plants and these substances have active compounds with therapeutic effects
Examples of plant based drugs are;
1.) Morphine - which comes from the opium poppy and is used for pain relief
What are animal based drug origins? Name examples as well.
ANIMAL BASED DRUG ORIGINS - Drugs that are obtained from animals, typically come from their glands, secretions and tissues.
Examples of animal based drugs are;
1.) Insulin - which comes from cow or pig pancreas and is used in the treatment of diabetes
2.) Heparin - which is an anticoagulant and it comes from animal tissues
What are mineral based drug origins? Name examples as well.
MINERAL BASED DRUG ORIGINS - Are drugs which come from salts, metals and other mineral based compounds
Examples of mineral based drugs are;
1.) Magnesium sulfate - which comes from mineral deposits and can be used in the treatment of preeclampsia and seizures
2.) Lithium salts - which comes from mineral sources and can be used for the treatment of bipolar disorder
What are synthetic drug origins?
SYNTHETIC DRUG ORIGINS - Are drugs that are synthetically made through chemical processes in a lab. These drugs often mimic or improve effects that come from natural substances
Examples of synthetic drugs are;
1.) Ibuprofen - is a synthetic steroidal antiinflammatory drug
2.) Diazepam - is a synthetic sedative that is used in the treatment of anxiety
How many names does a drug have in drug nomenclature?
Drugs typically have 3 or more names within drug nomenclature
What are the different names a drug has in drug nomenclature? Provide examples.
1.) A CHEMICAL NAME - a chemical name of a drug, is the name that describes the exact chemical nature of a drug. For example: N-acetyl-p-aminophenol is the chemical name for the drug paracetamol (acetaminophen)
2.) A BRAND NAME/TRADE NAME - is the name given to a drug, by the manufacturer that produces it. For example: Tylenol is the brand name paracetamol (acetaminophen)
3.) GENERIC/NON-PROPRIETARY NAME - is a universally accepted name given to a drug, that is used globally. For example: The generic name for Tylenol is paracetamol (acetaminophen)
What is a drug form?
A drug form, which is also known as a dosage form– is the physical form in which a drug is produced and administered in
Why are drug forms used?
Drug forms are made to make sure that a drug is given in the right dose, is absorbed effectively and has a desired therapeutic effect
What are the different examples of drug forms?
1.) Solid drug forms
2.) Liquid drug forms
3.) Semisolid/aerosol drug forms
4.) Transdermal drug forms
5.) Injectable drug forms
What are solid drug forms? Name some examples.
Solid drug forms are substances that come in a solid, physical form. They have pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients
Examples of solid drug forms are;
Sugar coated tablets, sublingual tablets, pills, capsules, powders and granules
What are liquid drug forms? Name some examples.
Liquid drug forms are drugs made from active compounds, that are dissolved in an aqueous or non-aqeuous solution
Examples include; syrups, solutions, suspensions, drops and elixirs
What are semisolid/areosol drug forms?
Ointments, creams, pastes, gels, suppositories, inhalers and nebulizers
What are transdermal drug forms?
Transdermal drug forms are drugs that come in the form of adhesive plasters or patches– and when applied to the skin, release a specific dose of medication
Examples are; hormone patches and nicotine patches
What are injectable drug forms?
Injectable drug forms are different types of injections and infusions
What is a drug product?
A drug product is the final, finished form that a drug is ready to be distributed and used
What are drug products made of?
Drug products are made of active drugs and inactive drugs (known as excipients)
What are examples of drug products?
Oral drug products
Injectable drug products
Topical drug products
Inhalable drug products
Suppositories
What is a drug preparation?
A drug preparation is the specific formulation/mixture of a drug–that is made in order to be suitably administered to a patient
What are drug preparations made of?
Drug preparations are made of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s) and excipients (inactive ingredients)
What do active ingredients do in drug preparations?
Active ingredients are responsible for giving the therapeutic effect of a drug
What do excipients (inactive ingredients) do in drug prepations?
Inactive ingredients have a variety of functions in drug preparations
1.) Helping drug absorption
2.) Providing bulk formulation
3.) Stabilizing active ingredients
4.) Enhancing taste or appearance
5.) Allowing for proper drug delivery/controlled release
