2 Functional Groups and Nomenclature Flashcards
what are Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes
a = 1 bond between 2 carbons
e = 2 bonds between 2 C
y = 3 bonds between 2 C
what r aromatic rings
functional groups with a ring with alternating single and double bonds
what are alcohols (3 types)
functional groups where C is connected to and OH
○ Primary - 1 carbon connected to the C with an OH
○ Secondary - 2 carbons connected to the C with an OH
○ Tertiary - 3 carbons connected to the C with an OH
what are ethers
○ Carbon connected to an Oxygen that is connected to another carbon
C-O-C
what are aldehydes
○ Carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and connected to an H
what are keytones
○ Carbon double bonded to an O and connected to 2 other carbons
what are carboxylic acids
○ Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and that carbon also has an OH connected
what is an ester
○ Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to another oxygen that is connected with another carbon
C-O-C=O
what are acid halides
○ Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and is connected to a Halogen (Br, Cl, F, I)
what are the intermolecular forces in order or strength
○ Electrostatic > H bonding > dipole-dipole > dispersion
what are electrostatic interactions
basically ionic bonds, +ve attracted to -ve
what are dipole - dipole interactions
Partial +ve is attracted to partial -ve (dipoles)
what is H bonding
○ Partial +ve H atom is attached to a heteroatom, with the partial -ve being on another heteroatom (any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen in organic chemistry)
TF Molecs with a lone pair on an electronegative heteroatom are H bond acceptors
T
what are dispersion forces
Temporary and instantaneous dipole that forms in molecs
○ Theres a shift in the electron cloud that creates a dipole
TF - If theres a nearby atom or molec it can be influenced to also create a temp dipole
T
TF molecs prefer solvents with different intermolecular forces
F, prefer solvents with similar intermolecular forces “like dissolves like”
what does protic and aprotic mean
protic = can donate an H bond
aprotic = cant donate and H bond
which 2 parameters are solvents classified under
Polar + non polar
protic + aprotic
TF Something is aprotic if it doesn’t have acidic protons (protons with a partial +ve charge)
T
Anything that increases electrostatic and dipole interactions, increases ______
hydrophilicity
Anything that decreases dispersion increases _______
hydrophilicity
TF more condensed structures have a lower solubility
F, higher solubility
what are the 3 portions of nomenclature
- A prefix (details about the substituents
- A root name (how many Cs in the chain / any alkenes or alkynes)
- A suffix (details about the highest priority functional group
