2 gross brain and spinal cord anatomy

Question 1

what does cortical mean

Answer 1

relating to or consisting of the cerebral cortex

Question 2

what separates the 2 hemispheres of the telencephalon

Answer 2

falx cerebri

longitudinal fissure

Question 3

what part of the telencephalon functions to integrate motor and sensory information and serves to allow communication between the 2 hemispheres

Answer 3

corpus callosum (WHITE MATTER)

Question 4

what is the function of the anterior and posterior paracentral gyri that surround the paracentral lobule

Answer 4

anterior: motor to contralateral lower extremity
posterior: sensory to contralateral lower extremity

Question 5

what is the function of the cingulate gyrus? and what part of the brain is it located ?

Answer 5

• located in the telencephalon (forebrain)

- functions in memory, learning, and limbic system

Question 6

what type of matter is the corpus callosum

Answer 6

white matter

Question 7

what is the function of the frontal lobe

Answer 7

personality
decision making
motor
speech

Question 8

what makes up the primary motor cortex

Answer 8

precentral gyrus + anterior paracentral gyrus

located in the frontal lobe

Question 9

what are the 3 parts of the inferior frontal lobe

Answer 9

1. pars opercularis (most superior/posterior)
2. pars triangularis
3. pars orbitalis (most inferior/anterior)

Question 10

what makes up broccas area

Answer 10

• in frontal lobe, part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere (usually left)
  1. pars triangularis
  2. pars opercularis

Question 11

what is important about the middle frontal gyrus

Answer 11

location of frontal eye fields

Question 12

function of the parietal lobe

Answer 12

sensory and association

Question 13

what makes up wernickes area

Answer 13

*in inferior parietal lobe/ left temporal lobe
[1 and 2 in inferior parietal lobule; 3 in temporal lobe]
1. supramarginal gyrus (around the lateral fissure)
2. angular gyrus (around the superior temporal sulcus)
3. superior temporal gyrus (parts of)

*posterior superior temporal gyrus

Question 14

function of the temporal lobe

Answer 14

1. processing/interpreting of initial auditory stimuli
2. memory
3. organizing/comprehending language

Question 15

what makes up the primary auditory cortex

Answer 15

• the superior temporal gyrus and transverse temporal gyrus

Question 16

function of the occipital lobe

Answer 16

integrate/process visual stimuli

Question 17

what makes the primary visual cortex

Answer 17

• *gyri around the calcimine sulcus
  1. cuneus gyrus
  2. lingual gyrus

*on occipital lobe

Question 18

function of the insular lobe

Answer 18

unclear

Question 19

parts of the basal ganglia

Answer 19

1. caudate nucleus
2. globus pallidus (medial)
3. putamen (lateral)
4. thalamus
5. internal capsule

Question 20

what space is between the thalami of the 2 hemispheres

Answer 20

3rd ventricle

Question 21

which pituitary gland is considered part of the dicephalon

Answer 21

posterior pituitary

Question 22

posterior commissure separates what 2 structures

Answer 22

pineal gland

superior colliculus

Question 23

function of the mammillary bodies

Answer 23

recollective memory

Question 24

where does CN 3 (oculomotor) exit specifically

Answer 24

-interpeduncular fossa between the cerebral peduncles of the mesencephalon (mid brain)

Question 25

what part of the brain is the medial and lateral geniculate bodies apart of

Answer 25

diencephalon

Question 26

what is the function of the superior and inferior colliculus on the posterior mescenphalon (superior brainstem)

Answer 26

superior: receives visual information from the lateral geniculate body inferior: sends auditory information to the medial geniculate body (part of ascending auditory path)

Question 27

what ventricle is located about the rhomboid fossa

Answer 27

4th ventricle

Question 28

what separates the pons and medullary parts of the rhomboid fossa

Answer 28

the stria medullaris acoustica

Question 29

what separates the facial colliculus and the vestibular area of the rhomboid fossa

Answer 29

the sulcus limitans

Question 30

what is the 2 parts of the pons

Answer 30

1. basilar pons (more anterior; has descending cortical tracts) 2. tegmentum pons (more posterior)

Question 31

Where does cortical spinal tracts split into anterior and lateral parts

Answer 31

at the pyramidal decussation (oblique crossing of the tracts on the pyramids)

Question 32

where does the rhomboid fossa come together inferiorly on the posterior aspect

Answer 32

obex

Question 33

function of the tubercular cuneatous

Answer 33

``` ascending tract (sensory) for proprioceptive and tactile information of the contralateral upper extremity (sends info to the CNS) ```

Question 34

what is responsible for motor learning

Answer 34

inferior olivary nuclear complex

Question 35

where do you do a lumbar puncture

Answer 35

b/t: L3/L4 | or L4/L5

Question 36

where does the spinal cord begin

Answer 36

foramen magnum

Question 37

spinal cord is attached laterally by _____ and causally by ____

Answer 37

lateral - denticulate Ligaments (pia matter than connect SC to lateral dura matter) caudal- filum terminale (internum @ S2 and externum @ coccyx)

Question 38

after the spinal cord ends it becomes

Answer 38

spinal cord--> conus medullaris --> cauda equina

Question 39

where does the fasiculus cuneatus start? where on the spinal cord is it? what does it do? and what separates it from the gracilis in the spinal cord?

Answer 39

starts at T6 lateral part of the posterior funiculus of white matter upper extremity separated by the posterior intermediate sulcus (which also starts at T6 and only seen in upper thoracic and cervical spinal cord) *fasiculus gracilis ascends from lumbar and does LE

Question 40

where do dorsal (sensory) roots enter the spinal cord

Answer 40

posterolateral sulcus

Question 41

what is located in the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord ? what's its function?

Answer 41

anterior spinal artery that supplies the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord

Question 42

in the spinal cord, white matter is separated into ___ and gray matter is separated into ___

Answer 42

white- funiculus (anterior, lateral, posterior) gray- horns (anterior, posterior, intermediate zone connection)

Question 43

what part of the spinal cord holds the spinal thalamic tract and the anterolateral system

Answer 43

lateral funiculus (white matter)

Question 44

where are preganglionic SNS neurons located in the spinal cord

Answer 44

thoracic -lateral horn (protrusion of the lateral funiculus)

Question 45

posterior horn as what lamina ? anterior? intermediate?

Answer 45

posterior: lamina 1-6 intermediate: 7 anterior: 8-9 *10 in center

Question 46

what nuclei are associated with lamina located in the posterior horn

Answer 46

1- marginal zone 2- substantia gelatinous 3-6: body of posterior horn

Question 47

what nuclei are associated with the lamina located in the intermediate horn

Answer 47

7- clark nucleus 7- interomedial column 7- sacral parasympathetic nucleus

Question 48

what nuclei are associated with the lamina located in the anterior horn

Answer 48

9- accessory nucleus | 9- phrenic nucleus