2- HazMat- Recognize and Identify the Presence of Hazmat Flashcards by Tyler Laracy

____ often equates to safety when hazmat is involved.

Distance

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The order of the following clues to the presence of hazardous materials generally represents an increasing level of risk:

7 steps, progressively more risky

Locations, occupancy types and preincident surveys
Basic container info
Transportation placards, markings and labels
Nontransportation hazmat markings and labels
Hazard information reference sources
Sensory clues- including victim signs/symptoms
Monitoring and detection devices

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The most common kind of hazmat incident involves:

Hydrocarbons (better known as gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, and natural gas in liquid and gas forms)

Hydrocarbons account for 75% of all hazardous materials transported throughout North America

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Each transportation mode has particular locations where accidents may occur more frequently. What are some common transportation modes?

5 answers

-Roadways
-Railways
-Waterways
-Airways
-Pipelines

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High-profile locations or events like government facilities, financial institutions, schools, hotels, clubs, shopping malls, markets, restaurants, places of worship, parks, tourism infrastructure, public transportation systems and airports, critical infrastructure, and public events… may become potential targets for:

Terrorism

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Fentanyl is __-__ times stronger than morphine and a lethal dose is only __mg.

Carfentanil is _____ times stronger than morphine.

Fentanyl= 50-100x stronger than morphine, lethal dose is only 2mg

Carfentinil= 10,000x stronger than morphine

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Preincident surveys identify the following items:

8 answers

-Exposures (people, property, environment)
-Hazmat types, quantities, dangers, locations
-Building features (locations of fixed fire suppression systems)
-Site characteristics
-Possible access/egress difficulties
-Inherent limitations of response organizations when trying to control certain hazmat emergencies
-Phone numbers of responsible parties, on-site experts, and alternates
-Site or occupancy response capability

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The initial symptoms of CO2 retention (hypercapnia) are:

As the amount of CO2 increases in the body, skin will become ___, heart rate will ____, and blood pressure will ____.

If left unchecked, CO2 retention can result in unconsciousness, respiratory failure, and death.

Initial symptoms - headache, lightheadedness, confusion

As CO2 increases, skin becomes red (flush or blush), HR increases, BP increases

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To meet the criteria for BULK packaging, ONE of the following must be met:

-Max capacity greater than _ gallons as a receptacle for a liquid

-Max net mass greater than _ pounds or max capacity greater than _ gallons as a receptacle for a solid

-Water capacity of _ pounds or greater as a receptacle for a gas

-Max capacity greater than 119 gallons as a receptacle for a liquid

-Max net mass greater than 882 pounds or max capacity greater than 119 gallons as a receptacle for a solid

-Water capacity of 1,000 pounds or greater as a receptacle for a gas

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To meet the criteria for NONBULK packaging (drums, boxes, carboys, bags), ONE of the following must be met:

-Max capacity is _ gallons or less as a receptacle for a liquid

-Max net mass is _ pounds or less and a max capacity of _ gallons or less as a receptacle for a solid

-Water capacity of _ pounds or less as a receptacle for a gas

-Max capacity is 119 gallons or less as a receptacle for a liquid

-Max net mass is 882 pounds or less and a max capacity of 119 gallons or less as a receptacle for a solid

-Water capacity of 1,000 pounds or less as a receptacle for a gas

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Pressure container features include the following:

5 answers

-ROUNDED, almost spherical ENDS
-BOLTED access points/hatches
-BOLTED protective housings
-PRESSURE RELIEF devices
-PRESSURE GAUGES

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A ____ shaped container offers uniform stress distribution and highly efficient pressurized storage for gases kept in liquid form. These shapes can be an indicator that the contents are under HIGH pressure.

Spherical (Ball-like)

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When it comes to FIXED storage container types, the potential hazards associated with spherical containers, cylindrical containers with rounded ends, circular containers with flat ends, vertical cylinders with a cone bottom, horizontal cylinders with flat ends, all include the following:

5 answers

-Toxic
-Corrosive
-Flammable
-Energetic
-Asphyxiant

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(Fixed) Cylindrical containers with rounded ends can be an indicator of pressurized contents. The high pressure ____ containers can store many different products.

Horizontal

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The (fixed) circular container with flat ends and a LARGER DIAMETER THAN HEIGHT indicates its contents are at ____ to ____ pressure.

Atmospheric to Low Pressure

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A (fixed) vertical cylinder with a ___ bottom and elevated with legs, smaller in diameter than height, is not indicative of any specific hazard; it may contain anything!

Cone

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Contents of pressure containers will expand quickly if released! Keep your distance ____, ____, and ____!

Upwind
Uphill
Upstream

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The (fixed) horizontal cylinder with flat ends and elevated with legs, indicates atmospheric to low pressure ____ storage.

Liquid

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Cylindrical rounded end containers (transport) near railroads and roadways indicate _____ contents.

Potential hazards include:

Pressurized

Hazards include: Toxic, Energetic, Corrosive, Asphyxiant, Flammable

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The cylindrical shaped (smaller circular cross-section) truck with visible external ____ ____ may transport items with a variety of hazards, including:

Reinforcing Ribs

Hazards include: Toxic, Energetic, Corrosive, Asphyxiant, Flammable

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An oval cross-section with flat or nearly flat ends (transport) indicates _____ containers that contain many types of liquids.

Potential hazards include:

Nonpressurized

Hazards include: Toxic, Energetic, Corrosive, Asphyxiant, Flammable

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A ____ shaped cross-section with flat or nearly flat ends (transport) indicates low pressure containers that normally carry liquids.

Potential hazards include:

Horseshoe

Hazards include: Toxic, Energetic, Corrosive, Asphyxiant, Flammable

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Containers of cylindrical shape with a box cabinet at the rear of the container (transport) are also known as ____ ____ containers. These containers contain substances which cannot be liquified by pressure application alone.

Thermos Bottle

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A cryogen (sometimes called refrigerated liquified gas) is a gas that turns into a liquid AT OR BELOW _____*F at 14.7psi.

At or below -130*F at 14.7psi

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Potential hazards associated with cryogenic containers include the following:

Toxic, Energetic, Corrosive, Asphyxiant, Flammable, Thermal (cold) *Typical list as most containers but has the addition of THERMAL hazards*

In general, a product's hazard class is assigned based on:

Its **most** dangerous chemical and/or physical properties

Under the **United Nations (UN) system**, NINE hazard classes are used to categorize hazardous materials:

Class 1- Explosives Class 2- Gases Class 3- Flammable Liquids (and combustible liquids) Class 4- Flammable Solids, substances liable to spontaneous combustion, substances that emit flammable gases on contact with water Class 5- Oxidizing Substances and organic peroxides Class 6- Toxic and Infectious Substances Class 7- Radioactive Materials Class 8- Corrosive Substances Class 9- Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles

A/An _____ is any substance or article with a significant potential energy that may rapidly expand and release upon activation. They are reactive and may release energy in the form of light, gas, and/or heat.

Explosion

There are six division numbers in **Class 1 (explosive) hazards**:

-Division 1.1 = Mass explosion hazard -Division 1.2 = Projectile/Fragment hazards -Division 1.3 = Fire hazard -Division 1.4 = No significant blast hazard -Division 1.5 = Very insensitive explosives -Division 1.6 = Extremely insensitive *Greater Risk ------> Lower Risk as you go*

Explosive placards are the ONLY hazard class with ____ ____ ____, which specify the controls for the transportation, separation, and storage of explosives.

Compatibility Group Letters

The primary hazards of explosives are: *2 answers*

Thermal and Mechanical

An explosion's hazards may manifest in the following conditions: *4 answers*

Blast-Pressure Wave (shock wave) Shrapnel and Fragmentation Seismic Effect Incendiary Thermal Effect

Rapidly released gases can create a shock wave that travels outward from the center. As the wave **increases** in distance, its ____ **decreases**. This blast-pressure wave is the PRIMARY reason for injuries and damage. The blast-pressure wave has a positive **and** negative phase, BOTH of which can cause damage.

As the wave increases in distance, its STRENGTH decreases. *Blast-Pressure Wave = Shock Wave*

When an explosion occurs at or near ground level, the air blast creates a ___ ____ or crater.

Ground shock

____ ____ ____ occurs during an explosion when thermal heat energy forms a fireball.

Incendiary Thermal Effect

Hazard Class is comprised of **gases** (materials that are in a gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressure).

There are **three** divisions in Class 2:

-Division 2.1 = Flammable gases -Division 2.2 = Nonflammable, non-toxic gas -Division 2.3 = Toxic gases

The **potential hazards** of **Class 2 (gases)** include: *3 answers*

-Energy (flammable or oxidizer) -Toxicity (including asphyxiation) -Corrosivity

**Other** potential hazards in **Class 2** (aside from the primary hazards of energy, toxicity, and corrosivity) include: *5 answers*

-Heat Hazards (fires, particularly with Div 2.1 and oxidizers) -Asphyxiation Hazards (leaked or released gases displace oxygen) -Cold Hazards (exposure to Div 2.2 cryogens) -Mechanical Hazards (BLEVE for containers exposed to heat or flame) -Chemical Hazards (particularly with Div 2.3)

Hazard Class is comprised of **flammable liquids** (includes combustible liquids). Flammable liquids ignite and burn with relative ease.

The **primary hazards** of **flammable and combustible liquids (Class 3)** are chemical energy, corrosivity, and toxicity. Some examples include: *6 answers*

-Thermal Hazards (heat): fires and vapor explosions -Asphyxiation: Heavier than air vapors displacing oxygen in low-lying or confined spaces -Chemical Hazards: toxic and/or corrosive gases and vapors (may be produced by fires) -Mechanical Hazards: BLEVE for containers exposed to heat or flame -Vapors: Can mix with air and can maintain cohesion long enough to encounter an ignition source at some distance from the origin -Environmental Hazards (pollution): caused by runoff from fire control

**Class 4** materials include **three** main categories:

-Flammable Solids -Spontaneously Combustible (liquids and solids) -Dangerous When Wet substances

There are **three** divisions in **Class 4**:

-Division 4.1 = Flammable Solids -Division 4.2 = Spontaneously Combustible Materials -Division 4.3 = Dangerous When Wet

Class _ materials include **oxidizers and organic peroxides**.

_____ vigorously support combustion, may be explosive, and when combined with fuel, may burn continuously.

Oxidizers

____ ____ are oxidizers with a specific chemical composition that make them prone to reactivity. They are **both** a *fuel* and an *oxidizer*.

Organic Peroxides

Organic peroxides should be stored below the *maximum safe storage temperature (MSST)*. If organic peroxides reach the ________, they undergo a chemical change and may violently release from their packaging.

Self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) *The time before reaction depends upon how much the SADT is exceeded, which can greatly accelerate the decomposition.

**Class 5** has **two** divisions:

-Division 5.1 = Oxidizers -Division 5.2 = Organic Peroxides

**Class 6** substances include **viable microorganisms or toxins** that can cause severe, disabling, or fatal disease in humans or animals. There are **two** divisions:

-Division 6.1 = Toxic* substances -Division 6.2 = Infectious substances *the word "toxic" may be used interchangeably with the words "poison" or "poisonous"*

____ materials are typically shipped in small containers, so there is no placard for them, only a label.

Infectious

The **primary** hazards of **Class 6** materials are: *3 answers*

-Toxicity -Inhalation Hazards -Disease

The **secondary** hazards of **Class 6** materials are: *4 answers*

-Toxic hazards -Chemical hazards from toxic and/or corrosive products of combustion -Thermal hazards (heat) from substances transported in molten form -Thermal hazards (heat) from flammability and fires

Radioactive materials emit radiation and are capable of penetrating and damaging ____ ____. *Radioactive materials cannot be detected with the senses, only with specialized monitoring and detection equipment.*

Living tissues

There are **no divisions** for **Class 7- Radioactive Materials**. The **primary** hazards of radioactive material exposure are: *4 answers*

-Radiation burns -Illness -Cancer -Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases

When labeling of the radioactive materials package is required, it must be labeled on **two opposite sides**, with a **distinctive warning label**. Each of the 3 label categories has the unique trefoil symbol for radiation. What are the 3 label categories?

RADIOACTIVE WHITE-I RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-II RADIOACTIVE YELLOW-III

**Class 7** Radioactive I, II, and III labels and a **"FISSILE"** label must always contain the following information: *3 answers*

-Isotope name -Radioactive activity in SI units of becquerels (Bq) -Transportation index *(for Yellow II and III packages)* *The Transportation Index (TI) indicates the carrier's degree of control during transport.*

Products in hazard **Class 8** are _____ substances. They are either a liquid or solid substance that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specific period of time, or a liquid that has a severe ____ rate on steel or aluminum.

Corrosive

Some corrosives can react with metal to form (explosive) ______ gas.

Hydrogen

______ can be toxic, flammable, reactive, and/or explosive and some are oxidizers.

Corrosives

The **primary** hazards of **Class 8** materials are: *4 answers*

-**CHEMICAL** hazards such as chemical burns and reactivity -**TOXIC** hazards due to exposure via all routes of entry into a body -**THERMAL** hazards (heat) including fire, caused by chemical reactions generating heat -**MECHANICAL** hazards caused by BLEVEs and violent chemical reactions

Examples of **Class 9** (miscellaneous dangerous goods) materials include: *3 answers*

-Lithium batteries -Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) -Hazardous wastes

Miscellaneous dangerous goods **(Class 9)** will primarily have ____ and ____ hazards.

Thermal and Chemical

A **"DANGEROUS"** placard indicates:

A mixed load of hazardous material classes

Mainly applied to highway, rail, and ocean containers, the Dangerous placard may be used for domestic and international transport of hazardous materials. It is used with the following requirements: *3 answers*

-Contains **nonbulk packages** -**Two or more hazard classes** requiring different placards -Aggregate **gross weight of less than 2,205lbs** (1000kg)

**Placards** are diamond shaped and MUST appear on _ sides of the vehicle transporting them. Placards are standard size of _ inches on each side. The color and number of each placard identifies the ____ ____ of the contents.

MUST appear on **all four sides of vehicle** Standard size of **9.84 inches** Color/number indicate the **hazard class**

Each hazardous chemical or class of hazardous materials is assigned a four-digit _____, to be displayed on or in association with a placard on transportation vehicles and bulk packaging.

UN/NA identification number

The ____-bordered section in the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) provides a key to the **four-digit identification numbers**.

YELLOW *doesn't list them all; doesn't list any numbers below 1000*

When a placarded container vehicle is involved in a MVC, the **four steps to hazard recognition** include identifying:

1. Background color of placard 2. Hazard class number at bottom of placard 3. UN/NA identification number 4. Pictogram at top of placard

____ are smaller variations of placards and are placed on hazmat **packages**, whereas placards are placed on hazmat **transport vehicles**.

Labels *diamond-shaped also, but 3.9" on each side*

Most **labels** for the 9 hazard classes and subdivisions are essentially the same as their placarding counterparts. There are a few exceptions, such a Class _ **(Radioactive)** and Class _ **(Infectious Substance)** labels, which **ALWAYS CONTAIN TEXT**.

Class 7 ; Class 6

_____, which are similar to placards and labels, provide additional information on what safety precautions need to be taken to ensure the shipment is handled so that spills, accidents, and exposure are prevented. **They are required on the outer packaging of nonbulk hazardous materials.**

Markings

_____ markings are found on structures or containers that have been or are undergoing treatment for pest control or mold. **They must remain on the transport vehicle until it has been completely ventilated.**

Fumigation

The ___ marking is used for elevated-temperature materials, such as molten sulfur, roofing and road tar, and molten aluminum. These materials can present a thermal hazard in the form of heat.

"HOT"

**Molten aluminum** is generally shipped at temperatures above:

1,300*F

Lithium batteries are susceptible to ____ ____, a chain reaction leading to a violent release of its stored energy.

Thermal runaway

The **biohazard** marking is used on bulk packaging containing regulated ____ ____.

Medical Waste

Petroleum Crude Oil containing Hydrogen Sulfide is also known as ______.

Sour Crude Oil

Aboveground markers (signs, placards, or stakes) identify the APPROXIMATE location of underground pipelines. Markers are REQUIRED to be present wherever a pipeline crosses under ____, ____, or ____.

Roads, Railroads, or Waterways

The **NFPA 704 system severity ratings** are arranged on a diamond shaped marker or sign. The **top three quadrants** represent **three hazard categories** and are normally color-coded as follows:

Health - **BLUE** (left) Flammability - **RED** (top) Instability - **YELLOW** (right) *special hazards are on bottom*

The **NFPA 704 system hazard ratings** are based on a numerical scale from _ to _. The number _ indicates a **minimal** hazard and the number _ indicates a **severe** hazard. There are _ levels of hazard **total** with each.

Scale from 0-4 0=minimal, 4=severe **FIVE** levels to each hazard (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) DON'T GET TRIPPED UP

___ __ symbols are located in the **bottom quadrant** of the NFPA 704 diamond marker. The color **white** is most commonly used. Multiple symbols may be used. Only **three** symbols are currently authorized for use in this position:

Special Hazard Three symbols: -**W with line through it** = unusual activity w/ water -**OX** = oxidizer -**SA** = simple asphyxiant

What does **GHS** stand for? What are the **three key information elements** of it?

**Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)** Three key elements: -**Uniform classification** of hazardous substances and mixtures -**Uniform labeling standards** -**Uniforms SDS** (safety data sheets) content and format

The ____ **Hazard Communications Standard (HCS)** requires employers to identify, classify, and communicate hazards in the workplace and to train employees to recognize those hazards.

OSHA

The ___ regulates the manufacture and labeling of pesticides.

EPA

____ ____ are one word used to indicate the relative severity of hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label and safety data sheet. **The GHS defines two of them:**

Signal Words The two signal words: -**"Danger" **for MORE severe hazard categories -**"Warning"** for LESS severe hazard categories

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires US employers to maintain CIL's of all their hazardous substances. What does CIL stand for?

Chemical Inventory List

Shipments of hazardous materials must be accompanied by shipping papers that describe them. This info can be provided on a ______, _______, or similar document.

Bill of Lading Waybill Similar Document

The **basic description** provided in shipping papers will follow the **proper sequence** specified by **49CFR170**. The sequence is **ISHP**, which stands for:

**I** = Identification Number **S** = Proper Shipping Name **H** = Hazard Class of Division **P** = Packing Group

Every **rail car** has a unique number known as a ____ ____. This number works as a serial number to identify the car, independent of every other rail car.

Reporting Mark

A ________ is a detailed information bulletin prepared by a chemical's manufacturer or importer that provides **16 types** of specific information about the product. They are formatted according to Globally Harmonized System (GHS) specifications.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

____ are often the best sources of detailed information about a particular material to which emergency responders have access.

Safety Data Sheets (SDS's)

What are the **16 sections** of an Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?

Section 1- Identification Section 2- Hazard(s) Information Section 3- Composition/information on Ingredients Section 4- First Aid Measures Section 5- Fire Fighting Measures Section 6- Accidental Release Measures Section 7- Handling and Storage Section 8- Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Section 9- Physical and Chemical Properties Section 10- Stability and Reactivity Section 11- Toxicological Information Section 12- Ecological Information Section 13- Disposal Considerations Section 14- Transport Information Section 15- Regulatory Information Section 16- Other Information

_______ are most likely to encounter an incident before it has been reported. *which level of responder*

Awareness Level Personnel

____ is definitely the **safest** of the five senses used to detect a hazardous material.

Sight