2)Human Nutrtion

Question 1

Explain the structure of carbohydrates

Answer 1

Carbohydrates are made up of simple sugars.

-They contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 2

They are made up of smaller carbohydrates (e.g. glucose or maltose) and they join together to make a larger form

Question 3

Give two examples of complex carbohydrates

Answer 3

• Starch

- Glycogen

Question 4

Explain proteins

Answer 4

Proteins are made up of Amino acids

-They contain carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

Explain lipids

Answer 5

Lipids are made up of fatty acids and glycerol

-They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 6

Explain the test for glucose

Answer 6

1) Add Benedict’s Reagent (blue colour) to a sample and heat it
2) if there is glucose a coloured precipitate will form
3) The precipitate will change from:
blue>green>yellow>orange>brick red

Question 7

How do you test for starch?

Answer 7

1)Add iodine to a sample and if the starch is present the sample changes from browny-orange to a dark, blue-black colour

Question 8

Why do we eat carbohydrates?

Answer 8

• Found in pasta, rice and sugar

- Provides energy

Question 9

What do we eat lipids?

Answer 9

• Found in butter and oily fish

- Provide energy, act as an energy store and provide energy insulation

Question 10

Why do we eat Proteins?

Answer 10

• Found in meat and fish

- Needed for growth and repair of tissue and to provide energy in emergencies

Question 11

Why do we eat vitamin A?

Answer 11

• Found in Liver

- Helps improve vision and keep your skin and hair healthy

Question 12

Why do we eat vitamin C?

Answer 12

• Found in oranges

- Needed to prevent scurvy

Question 13

Why do we eat vitamin D?

Answer 13

• Found in eggs

- Needed for calcium absorption

Question 14

Name the two mineral ions

Answer 14

Calcium and Iron

Question 15

Why do we eat calcium?

Answer 15

• Found in milk and cheese

- Needed to make bones and teeth

Question 16

Why do we eat iron?

Answer 16

• Found in red meat

- Needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

Question 17

Why do we eat iron?

Answer 17

• Found in red meat

- Needed to make haemoglobin for healthy blood

Question 18

Why do we drink water?

Answer 18

• Found in food an drink

- Every bodily function requires water

Question 19

Why do we have dietary fibre?

Answer 19

• Found in wholemeal bread

- Aids the movement of food through the gut

Question 20

What are the six essential nutrients?

Answer 20

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water

Question 21

How can you test how much energy is in food?

Answer 21

Burn it.

Question 22

Equation of the amount of energy in joules

Answer 22

energy in food = mass of water x temperature change of water x 4.2

Question 23

Equation to find energy per gram of food

Answer 23

energy per gram of food = energy in food ÷ mass of food

Question 24

How to make the experiment more accurate

Answer 24

Insulate the boiling tube (with foil) to minimise the heat lost

Question 25

What does amylase do?

Answer 25

Amylase converts starch into maltose

Question 26

What does maltose do?

Answer 26

Converts maltose into glucose

Question 27

What does maltase do?

Answer 27

Converts maltose into glucose

Question 28

What does Protease do?

Answer 28

Converts Proteins into Amino acids

Question 29

What does lipases do?

Answer 29

Converts Lipids into Glycerol and Fatty Acids

Question 30

Explain Bile

Answer 30

Bile is produces in the liver. it stored in the gall bladder before it is released into the small intestine.

Question 31

What does Bile do?

Answer 31

Bile neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fat

Question 32

List the order of the organs of the digestive system:

Answer 32

1) Mouth 2) Oesophagus 3) Stomach 4) Small intestine 5) Large intestine 6) Anus

Question 33

What happens to food at the mouth?

Answer 33

1) Salivary glands in the mouth | 2) Teeth mechanically break down the food

Question 34

What happens to food at the oesophagus?

Answer 34

The muscular tube that connects the mouth and stomach

Question 35

What happens to food at the stomach?

Answer 35

1) It pummels the food with its muscular walls 2) It produces the protease enzyme, pepsin 3) It produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for the protease enzyme (pH 2)

Question 36

What happens to food the small intestine?

Answer 36

1) Produces protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes to complete digestion 2) Where the nutrients are absorbed

Question 37

What happens to food at the large intestine?

Answer 37

Where excess water is absorbed from the food

Question 38

What happens at the liver in digestion?

Answer 38

Where bile is produced

Question 39

What happens at the pancreas in digestion?

Answer 39

Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. It releases these into the small intestine

Question 40

What happens at the gall bladder?

Answer 40

Where bile is stored

Question 41

How is food moved down the gut?

Answer 41

Peristalsis

Question 42

How is food moved down the gut?

Answer 42

Peristalsis

Question 43

What are the main stages of digestion?

Answer 43

1) Ingestion 2) Digestion 3) Absorption 4) Assimilation 5) Egestion

Question 44

What are the two ways of digestion in your body?

Answer 44

- Mechanical (Teeth and Stomach) | - Chemical (Enzyme and Bile)

Question 45

What is absorption?

Answer 45

Its the process of moving molecules through the walls of the intestines into the blood. Digested food molecules are absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 46

What is assimilation?

Answer 46

When digested molecules have been absorbed, they're moved into body cells. The digested molecules then become part of cells- this process is known as assimilation.

Question 47

What is egestion?

Answer 47

All the non-digested food forms faeces, which are no use to your body, which goes through the anus, this is known as egestion

Question 48

What does villi do?

Answer 48

Villi are in the small intestine and they help with absorption