1) Structures and Functions in Living Organisms

Question 1

What are the 8 basic characterisations that every living organism have?

Answer 1

• Nutrition
• Respiration
• Excretion
• Response
• Movement
• Control
• Reproduce
• Grow and Develop

Question 2

Give examples of nutrition

Answer 2

Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals

Question 3

What do organisms move to and what do they move from?

Answer 3

• Move towards water and food

- Move away from predators and poisons

Question 4

What do living organisms control?

Answer 4

Their temperature and water content

Question 5

What is found in an animal cell?

Answer 5

Nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm

Question 6

What is a nucleus?

Answer 6

An organelle which contains the genetic material that controls the cell’s activities. It is surrounded by its own membrane

Question 7

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 7

A gel-like substance where the majority of the cell’s chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes.

Question 8

What do plant cells contain?

Answer 8

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole

Question 9

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 9

That’s where photosynthesis happens, which makes food for the plant. They contain chlorophyll.

Question 10

What is a cell wall?

Answer 10

A rigid structure made of cellulose, which surrounds the cell membrane. It supports the cell and strengthens it.

Question 11

What is a vacuole?

Answer 11

A large organelle that contains cell sap. It helps to support the cell.

Question 12

What is a vacuole?

Answer 12

A large organelle that contains cell sap. It helps to support the cell.

Question 13

What is a red blood cell specialised for?

Answer 13

Specialised for carrying oxygen.

Question 14

What are white blood cells specialised for?

Answer 14

Specialised for defending the body against disease

Question 15

What is a ‘tissue’?

Answer 15

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.

Question 16

Why do plants have xylem tissue?

Answer 16

To transport water and mineral salts

Question 17

Why do plants have phloem tissue?

Answer 17

To transport sucrose and amino acids

Question 18

List the steps from Cells to Organ Systems

Answer 18

• Similar cells are organised into tissues
• Tissues are organised into organs
• Organs make up organ systems

Question 19

List the features of a plant

Answer 19

1) Plants are multicellular
2) They have chloroplasts allowing photosynthesis
3) They have cell walls
4) Plants store carbohydrates

Question 20

List the features of animals

Answer 20

1) Multicellular
2) DON’T have cell walls
3) Nervous coordination
4) They can move around
5) They often store carbohydrates

Question 21

List the features of fungi

Answer 21

1) Some are single celled
2) Have cell walls made of chitin
3) Feed by saprotrophic nutrition
4) Store carbohydrates

Question 22

List the features of Protoctists

Answer 22

1)Single celled and microscopic

Question 23

List the features of Protoctists

Answer 23

1) Single celled and microscopic

2) Some have chloroplasts

Question 24

List the features of bacteria

Answer 24

1) Single celled and microscopic
2) They don’t have a nucleus
3) They have a circular chromosome of DNA
4) Some can photosynthesise
5) Mostly feed off other organisms-living and dead

Question 25

List the features of Viruses

Answer 25

1) Particles rather than cells 2) They can only reproduce inside living cells 3) They infect all types of living organisms 4) They aren't a definite shape or size 5) Don't have cellular structure

Question 26

Why do living things produce enzymes?

Answer 26

To act of biological catalysts

Question 27

What is a catalyst?

Answer 27

Increases the speed of a reaction

Question 28

What are metabolic reactions?

Answer 28

Useful chemical reactions in the body

Question 29

What are enzymes made up of?

Answer 29

Enzymes are made up of proteins, which are all made up of chains of amino acids

Question 30

What is diffusion?

Answer 30

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of particles from an area of higher concentration of lower concentration

Question 31

What is osmosis?

Answer 31

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

Question 32

What is a partially permeable membrane?

Answer 32

Is a membrane with small holes in it

Question 33

What are plants supported by?

Answer 33

turgid cells

Question 34

What is active transport?

Answer 34

Active transport is the movement of particles against a concentration gradient using energy released during respiration

Question 35

What does it mean is a cell has a larger surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 35

The rate of diffusion, osmosis and active transport is higher