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AUBF Lec > 2 Intro To Urinalysis > Flashcards

2 Intro To Urinalysis Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

the beginning of laboratory medicine.

A

Analyzing urine

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2
Q

Analyzing urine was the beginning of

A

Laboratory medicine

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3
Q

References to the study of urine can be found in (2)

A

drawings of cavemen
Egyptian hieroglyphics

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4
Q

Basic observation of urine

A

color
turbidity
odor
volume
viscosity
sweetness

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5
Q

He wrote a book on “uroscopy.”

A

Hippocrates

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6
Q

Hippocrates wrote a book on

A

Uroscopy

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7
Q

Year when Hippocrates wrote a book on uroscopy

A

5th Century BC

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8
Q

This had been developed describing the significance of 20 different color of urine

A

Color charts

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9
Q

color charts had been developed that described the significance of _____

A

20 different colors

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10
Q

Year when color charts was developed

A

1140 CE

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11
Q

He discovered albuminuria by boiling urine

A

Frederick Dekkers

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12
Q

Frederick Dekkers discovered ____

A

Albuminuria

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13
Q

How did Frederick Dekkers discovered albuminuria

A

He boiled the urine

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14
Q

He developed methods of quantitating microscopic sediments

A

Thomas Addis

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15
Q

Year when Thomas Addis developed quantitative methods on microscopic sediments

A

1925

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16
Q

Thomas Addis developed methods of quantitating what

A

Microscopic sediments

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17
Q

test used to diagnose kidney and urologic diseases by quantitatively counting red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, and circumferences using a 12 hour urine

A

Addis count

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18
Q

Addis count uses what type of spx

A

12 hour urine

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19
Q

He introduced the concept of urinalysis as part of a doctor’s routine px examination

A

Robert Bright

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20
Q

He wrote a book inspiring the england people to pass the first medical licensure law

A

Thomas Bryant

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21
Q

Daily urine output

A

1200 mL

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22
Q

Ultrafiltrate of plasma

A

Urine

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23
Q

Composition of the urine

A

95% water
5% solute

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24
Q

Organic components found in the urine

A

Urea, creatinine, uric acid

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25
Inorganic components found in urine
Chloride Sodium Potassium Phosphate Ammonium Calcium
26
Major inorganic component found in urine
Chloride
27
Cells, casts, crystals, mucus, bacterias are known as
Formed elements
28
This depends on the amount of water the kidney excrete
Urine volume
29
Urine volume depends on the amount of ____ the kidney excrete
Water
30
Average range of urine output
600-2000 mL
31
Urine volume is affected by
Fluid intake Fluid loss from non renal sources ADH secretion Increased amount of dissolved solids
32
Decrease in urine output
Oliguria
33
Oliguria ____ in children ____ in adults
< 0.5 mL/kg/hr in children <400 mL in adults
34
Cessation of urine flow
Anuria
35
Increase in the nocturnal excretion of urine
Nocturia
36
Increase in daily urine volume
Polyuria
37
Polyuria ____ in children ____ in adult
> 2.5 to 3mL/kg/day in children >2.5L/day in adult
38
What type of diabetes Low specific gravity
Diabetes insipidus
39
Frequent fluid intake
Polydipsia
40
Recommended capacity of urine container
50 mL
41
Volume of spx used for analysis
12 mL
42
Urine container that contains a needle with a straw attachment
BD vacutainer urine collection device
43
If there will be a delay, the spx should be refrigerated at ___ C
2-8 C
44
Ways to handle a spx if there will be a delay with testing
Ref Chemical preservatives
45
Urine preservative Prevents bacterial growth
Refrigeration
46
Disadvantage of refrigerating spx
Precipitation of amorphous phosphates and urates
47
Best preservative for cultured spx
Boric acid / acid
48
Urine preservative Excellent sediment preservative
Formalin
49
Urine preservative Used for formed elements
Formalin
50
Urine preservative Acts as a reducing agent
Formalin
51
Urine preservative Good for drug analysis
Sodium fluoride
52
Urine preservative Inhibits reagent strip test for glucose, blood, and leukocyte
Sodium fluoride
53
Sodium fluoride inhibits reagent strip test for
Glucose, blood, leukocyte
54
Urine preservative Convenient when refrigeration is not possible
Commercial preservative tablet
55
Color is modified or darkened due to
Oxidation or reduction of metabolites
56
Analyte that has been modified or darkened due to oxidation or reduction of metabolites
Color
57
This is decreased due to bacterial growth and precipitation of amorphous material
Clarity
58
Increased ammonia smell is due to
Bacterial multiplication of urease positive bacteria
59
pH is ___ thru time
Increased
60
This analyte is decreased due to volatilization and bacterial metabolism
Ketones
61
First morning urine is also known as
8 hour urine sample
62
Ideal screening spx
First morning spx
63
First morning spx is acidic or basic in nature
Acidic
64
Spx used for evaluating orthostatic proteinuria
First morning spx
65
Principle of timed spx
Begin and end w/ an empty bladder
66
Timed spx for creatinine
24 hour urine
67
What spx is used for addis count
12 hour urine
68
Spx used to test urea
2 hour urine
69
Spx used to test amylase
2 hour urine AM
70
Spx used to test urobilinogen
2 hour urine PM
71
Spx used to test nitrite
4 hour urine
72
Analyte tested using 24 hour urine
Creatinine
73
What is tested using 12 hour urine
Addis count
74
Analyte tested using 2 hour morning urine
Amylase
75
Analyte tested using 2 hour PM urine
Urobilinogen
76
Analyte tested using 4 hour urine
Nitrite
77
It is the most vulnerable part of drug testing
Urine collection
78
Normal color of urine
Yellow

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