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OPTOM 101G > 2. Light and Vision > Flashcards

2. Light and Vision Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

The range of visible light that humans can see, in wavelengths

A

λ = 400nm - 750nm

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2
Q

Short wavelength photons have _______ energy

A

________ photons have high energy

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3
Q

Long wavelength photons have _________ energy

A

_________ photons have low energy

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4
Q

Red corresponds to _____ wavelength and ______ energy of photons

A

______ corresponds to long-wavelength and low energy of photons

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5
Q

Blue corresponds to ______ wavelength and ______ energy of photons

A

_______ corresponds to short-wavelength and high energy of photons

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6
Q

Wavelength of typical monochromatic green light

A

λ = 550 nm

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7
Q

The typical range of light that animals can see, in wavelengths

A

λ = 300 - 750nm

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8
Q

Near ultra-violet light that only animals can see

A

300-400 nm

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9
Q

Invisible light with wavelength from 700nm to 1mm is called ______ light

A

Invisible light with wavelength from ____ to ____ is called infrared light

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10
Q

Invisible light with wavelength from 10nm to 400nm is called _________ light

A

Invisible light with wavelength from _____ to _____ is called ultraviolet light

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11
Q

What causes a rainbow?

A

Light is refracted when it enters a drop of water. Because short-wavelength light bends more than long wavelength light upon refraction, we see a _________

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12
Q

Why do we see the sky as blue?

A

_________________ because of Raleigh scattering on particles much smaller than the wavelength of light, such as molecules of gas. Short-wavelength light is scattered more strongly.

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13
Q

What two kinds of light are partly polarised?

A

Light scattered in the air and light reflected in the water are both ______________

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14
Q

Insects can use _____________ to navigate

A

______________ can use partly polarised light for ________________

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15
Q

Describe in one sentence how vision generally works

A

Light interacts with electrons of visual pigment leading to chemical reactions

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16
Q

Photoreceptor cells contain visual pigment (rhodopsin) which consist of __________ and __________

A

Photoreceptor cells contain __________ which consist of retinal and a protein (opsin)

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17
Q

Rhodopsin

A

Visual pigment in a photoreceptor cell

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18
Q

Retinal

A

Chromophone that absorbs light (in the rhodopsin / visual pigment) of a photoreceptor cell

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19
Q

Opsin

A

The protein in the visual pigment /rhodopsin of a photoreceptor cell.

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20
Q

Why is the long-wavelength limit on visible light 750nm?

A

Photons of longer wavelengths than _____ don’t have enough energy for vision. (This is the _________ limit on _____________)

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21
Q

Why is the short-wavelength limit on visible light 300nm?

A

Proteins absorb light below _____ nm (this is the _______ limit on _________)

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22
Q

Eyes cannot be invisible because ______________

A

Eyes cannot _________________ because they contain pigment cells

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23
Q

Image formation is ____________________

A

________________ is transformation of angle of view into a position on light sensitive media

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24
Q

Image formation in compound eyes

A

Erect image (the same image, but smaller on the eye)

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25
Ommatidia
The units of a compound eye
26
Why are compound eyes not great optically?
You would need really big eyes for good vision.
27
Pinhole camera eyes need to be _____ and the pinhole needs to be __________ for good resolution.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ eyes need to be large and the _______ needs to be small for good resolution.
28
Humans have _________ type eyes with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ have camera-type eyes with dioptric apparatus.
29
Dioptric apparatus
A lens that focuses light onto the retina
30
Why is a dioptric apparatus useful for good vision?
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ provides high resolution vision with a large pupil. (We need a large pupil to get enough light, but resolution with a large pupil would be bad without a lens.)
31
Where does the most refraction happen in the eye?
The cornea is where the most ___________ happens
32
What is a duplex retina?
Having both rods and cones is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
33
Rods are used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Scotopic vision uses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
34
Cones are used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Photopic vision uses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
35
The fovea
The area of the eye with the clearest vision
36
The fovea uses only \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the periphery uses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ uses only cones, _________ uses mostly rods
37
Pigment epithelium
Black pigment at the back of the retina that doesn’t allow any light to come from the wrong direction
38
Eyes can detect \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Single photons can be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
39
# Reverse card! λ = 400nm - 750nm
The range of visible light that humans can see, in wavelengths
40
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ photons have high energy
Short wavelength photons have _______ energy
41
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ photons have low energy
Long wavelength photons have _________ energy
42
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_ corresponds to long-wavelength and low energy of photons
Red corresponds to _____ wavelength and ______ energy of photons
43
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ corresponds to short-wavelength and high energy of photons
Blue corresponds to ______ wavelength and ______ energy of photons
44
# Reverse card! λ = 550 nm
Wavelength of typical monochromatic green light
45
# Reverse card! λ = 300 - 750nm
The typical range of light that animals can see, in wavelengths
46
# Reverse card! 300-400 nm
Near ultra-violet light that only animals can see
47
# Reverse card! Invisible light with wavelength from ____ to ____ is called infrared light
Invisible light with wavelength from 700nm to 1mm is called ______ light
48
# Reverse card! Invisible light with wavelength from _____ to _____ is called ultraviolet light
Invisible light with wavelength from 10nm to 400nm is called _________ light
49
# Reverse card! Light is refracted when it enters a drop of water. Because short-wavelength light bends more than long wavelength light upon refraction, we see a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
What causes a rainbow?
50
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ because of Raleigh scattering on particles much smaller than the wavelength of light, such as molecules of gas. Short-wavelength light is scattered more strongly.
Why do we see the sky as blue?
51
# Reverse card! Light scattered in the air and light reflected in the water are both \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
What two kinds of light are partly polarised?
52
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ can use partly polarised light for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Insects can use _____________ to navigate
53
# Reverse card! Photoreceptor cells contain __________ which consist of retinal and a protein (opsin)
Photoreceptor cells contain visual pigment (rhodopsin) which consist of __________ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
54
# Reverse card! Visual pigment in a photoreceptor cell
Rhodopsin
55
# Reverse card! Chromophone that absorbs light (in the rhodopsin / visual pigment) of a photoreceptor cell
Retinal
56
# Reverse card! The protein in the visual pigment /rhodopsin of a photoreceptor cell.
Opsin
57
# Reverse card! Photons of longer wavelengths than _____ don’t have enough energy for vision. (This is the _________ limit on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
Why is the long-wavelength limit on visible light 750nm?
58
# Reverse card! Proteins absorb light below _____ nm (this is the _______ limit on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
Why is the short-wavelength limit on visible light 300nm?
59
# Reverse card! Eyes cannot _________________ because they contain pigment cells
Eyes cannot be invisible because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
60
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is transformation of angle of view into a position on light sensitive media
Image formation is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
61
# Reverse card! Erect image (the same image, but smaller on the eye)
Image formation in compound eyes
62
# Reverse card! The units of a compound eye
Ommatidia
63
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ eyes need to be large and the _______ needs to be small for good resolution.
Pinhole camera eyes need to be _____ and the pinhole needs to be __________ for good resolution.
64
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ have camera-type eyes with dioptric apparatus.
Humans have _________ type eyes with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
65
# Reverse card! A lens that focuses light onto the retina
Dioptric apparatus
66
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ provides high resolution vision with a large pupil. (We need a large pupil to get enough light, but resolution with a large pupil would be bad without a lens.)
Why is a dioptric apparatus useful for good vision?
67
# Reverse card! The cornea is where the most ___________ happens
Where does the most refraction happen in the eye?
68
# Reverse card! Having both rods and cones is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
What is a duplex retina?
69
# Reverse card! Scotopic vision uses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Rods are used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
70
# Reverse card! Photopic vision uses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Cones are used for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
71
# Reverse card! The area of the eye with the clearest vision
The fovea
72
# Reverse card! \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ uses only cones, _________ uses mostly rods
The fovea uses only \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, the periphery uses \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
73
# Reverse card! Black pigment at the back of the retina that doesn’t allow any light to come from the wrong direction
Pigment epithelium
74
# Reverse card! Single photons can be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Eyes can detect \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

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