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GCSE Physics > 2) Motion and Forces > Flashcards

2) Motion and Forces Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is distance?

A

Scalar quantity

How far an object moves

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2
Q

What is displacement

A

Vector quantity

The distance an objecty moves in a straight line from start to finish

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3
Q

What is speed?

A

Scalar quantity

No direction

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4
Q

What is velocity?

A

Vector quantity

Direction as well as speed

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5
Q

How do you add vectors?

A

Draw each vector as an arrow
Legnth represents magnitude
Direction represents direction

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6
Q

Work out the resultant force of 10N by a force and 10N at a right angle to that force?

A

Pythagoras

root(100 + 100) = root (200) = 14.1N

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7
Q

What does a distance time graph’s gradient show?

A

An object’s distance

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8
Q

How is a distance time graph’s gradient altered by speed?

A

Slower speed = less steep

Quicker speed = more steep

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9
Q

What is on the axis of a distance time graph?

A

Y axis- distance

X axis time

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10
Q

What is on the axis of a speed time (velocity time) graph?

A

Y axis- speed

X axis- time

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11
Q

What does a horizontal line mean on a speed time graph?

A

The object is moving at a constant speed

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12
Q

What do curved lines show on a speed time graph?

A

An object is accelerating or decelerating at a rate that is not constant

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13
Q

What do straight lines show on a speed time graph?

A

An object’s acceleration is constant

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14
Q

What is the area under a speed time graph equal to?

A

The distance travelled by an object

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15
Q

What can acceleration be?

A

A change in speed
A change in direction
A change in speed and direction

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16
Q

What is the resulant force?

A

The sum of all forces acting on an object

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17
Q

What does having unbalanced forces acting on an object mean?

A

A resultant force is acting on the object

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18
Q

What is the equation for resultant force?

A

resultant force = mass x acceleration

F = m x a

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19
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law?

A

The velocity of an object will only change if a resultant force is acting on the object

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20
Q

How does no resultant force affect a moving object?

A

It will continue to move in the same direction and speed (velocity)

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21
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law?

A

When two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

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22
Q

How is average speed calculated?

A

total distance / total time

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23
Q

How can we measure average speed?

A

Light gates

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24
Q

How is speed calcualated through light gates?

A 
speed = length of card / time taken to pass through gate
v = x / t
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25
What is average speed usually measured in?
Metres per second | m/s
26
How is acceleration calculated?
average velocity / time
27
What is the equation for final speed?
final speed = intial speed + (acceleration x time) | v = u + a x t
28
What is the equation for distance?
distance = intial velocity x time + 0.5 x acceleration x time^2
29
How is momentum of an object calculated?
mass x velocity | p = m x v
30
How is change in momentum calculated?
momentum = force x time p = f x t momentum = mass x final velocity - mass x inital velocity mv - mu
31
What is the law of conservation of momentum?
Momentum cannot be created or destroyed | If two objects collide sum of momentum before collision = sum of momentum after collision
32
What safety features do cars have?
Seat belts Air bags Crumple zones
33
How do car safety features reduce injuries?
Absorb energy | Increase time taken for change in momentum to happen, reducing involved forces
34
What is the unit for momentum?
kgm/s
35
What is the mass of an object?
The measure of the matter it contains
36
What does mass being constant mean?
It is the same on earth, moon, sun
37
What is inertia?
How difficult it is to change an object's motion
38
How does mass affect inertia?
Higher mass = more inertia
39
What is the equation for weight?
weight = mass x gravitational field strength
40
What is weight measured in?
Newtons
41
What is weight defined as?
The force acting downwards on an object due to gravity
42
What is the constant rate at which objects in free fall fall called?
Acceleration due to gravity (g)
43
What is Earth's gravitational field strength?
9.81 m/s^2 (10m/s^2)
44
Why don't objects continue to accelerate indefinitely?
Air resistance slows them down
45
What type of force is air resistance?
A frictional force
46
How does air resistance change as the speed of a falling object increases?
Falling quicker = more air resistance
47
What is centripetal force?
The resultant force that acts towards the middle of a circle
48
What is stopping distance?
The distance it takes a car to stop in an emergency
49
What is the calculation for stopping distance?
Stopping distance = thinking distance + breaking distance
50
What is thinking distance?
The time it takes for a driver to react to a situation and break
51
What is breaking distance?
The distance the car travels between breaks applied and car stopping
52
What factors affect thinking distance?
Tiredness Drugs Alchohol Distractions
53
What factors affect breaking distance?
Condition of car Initial car speed Road conditions
54
What is the reaction time test?
Ruler drop test
55
What is the typical reaction time for a human?
0.25 s
56
What equations can be used to measure reaction time?
v^2 - u^2 = 2as | a = (v-u) / t
57
What is the symbol for initial velocity in physics?
u
58
What is the symbol for final velocity in physics?
v
59
What is the symbol for acceleration?
a
60
What is the typical speed for a motorway car?
30 m/s
61
What does braking cause?
Friction
62
What is the enrgy change of breaking a car?
Kinetic in wheels --> thermal in brakes
63
What factors require a greater braking force?
Higher speed | Higher mass
64
When a car comes to a stop what must the work done by the brakes be equal to?
Work done = initial kinetic energy
65
What is the equation for work done with braking?
F x d = 0.5 x m x v^2 | Work done = half x mass x velocity squared
66
What are dangers of large decelerations?
Brakes can overheat | Car can skid
67
How can theforce in an emergency stop be calculated?
change in momentum / time taken
68
What is the equation for force?
force = change in momentum / time taken
69
What does a vector quantity have?
Direction | Magnitude
70
What does a scalar quantity have?
Magnitude

GCSE Physics (14 decks)

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