Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Oral candidiasis > 2. Oral candidosis > Flashcards

2. Oral candidosis Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What structure is fungi? E or P?

A

Eukaryotic- contain nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the cell wall of fungi made of?

A

Chitin, mannan, glucan and structural proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the different types of yeast?

A

Mould like or yeast like, or dimorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do yeast like fungi grow like?

A

They bud and detach, and behave like bacterial colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do mould like fungi grow like?

A

They form hyphae, intertwining masses and fluffy colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of yeast does oral candida involve?

A

Dimorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is dermatophyte fungi?

A

Superficial infections such as ring worm, athlete’s foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is opportunistic fungi?

A

Found in normal microflora but can cause disease in compromised host. Eg, candida, aspergillus spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are systemic fungi?

A

Cause disease in individual even if they are healthy, eg Blastomyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of fungi is candida?

A

Dimorphic, opportunistic (commensal), superficial mycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the main reservoir for candida?

A

Dorsum of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What shape is yeast like fungi?

A

Ovoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What shape is true hyphae?

A

Elongated tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is pseudohyphae?

A

Elongated tubes which have constrictions along their length and attach together to form branching structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the most common candida species?

A

C.albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What candida is associated with malignant transformation?

A

C. Krusei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are predisposing factors to candida?

A

Age, local factors, xerostomia, drugs, systemic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are non-specific factors that protect from oral candida?

A
  • Shedding of epithelial cells
  • Salivary flow washing surface away
  • Phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils
  • Commensal bacteria which keeps other bacteria in check
  • Saliva has antimicrobial properties including histidine rich polypeptides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, sialoperoxidase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does saliva contain that creates non-specific protection?

A

Sialoperoxidase, lactoferrin, histidine rich polypeptides, lysozyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are specific factors protecting from oral candida?

A
  • IgA secreted in saliva prevents adhesion of fungi
  • specific antibodies in serum may end up in oral cavity through cervical fluid
  • antimicrobial peptides- defensing
  • cell mediated responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are local factors predisposing to candida?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mucosal trauma
Denture wearing
High carbohydrate diet
Tobacco smoking

22
Q

What are age factors predisposing to oral candida?

Study These Flashcards
A

Neonates and Elderly most affected

23
Q

What types of drugs predispose to candida?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • broad spectrum antibiotics
  • immunosuppressant therapy
  • steroids
  • cytotoxic agents
24
Q

What can cause xerostomia?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Drugs
  • Radiotherapy to the head and neck
  • Sjogren’s syndrome
25
What systemic diseases have a link to candida?
Iron deficiency anaemia Acute leukaemia Diabetes HIV/AIDS Immunodeficiency states
26
What is the mechanism of infection of fungi?
1. Proteinases and phospholipases help to break down phospholipid bilayer so fungi can invade 2. Fungi metabolism produce nitrosamines which are linked to carcinogenic changes 3. Fungi have extracellular mannoprotein which allows adherence to the acrylic and epithelium 4. Tubular hyphae form adhesion to epithelium
27
What are the 2 types of acute candidosis?
Pseudomembranous- white and erythematous (atrophic)- red
28
What are the 2 types of chronic candida?
Erythematous (red) Hyperplastic (Candida leukoplakia, CHC)- white
29
What are 3 examples of candida associated lesions?
Denture stomatitis, Angular chelitis, median rhomboid glossitis
30
Explain what acute pseudomembranous thrush looks like?
Thick white coating, milk curds Can be wiped off with gauze leaving underlying red base
31
What local factors can cause acute pseudomembranous thrush?
Antibiotics, corticosteroids (inhalers), salivary gland disease
32
What systemic factors can cause acute pseudomembranous thrush?
Systemic steroids, diabetes, anaemia, leukaemia, malignancy, HIV
33
What can be used to stain candida?
- Periodic acid schiff- stains glycogen in cells and fungi as magenta - Wilder silver method- stains black
34
What does acute erythematous candida look like?
Red, painful, depapillated tongue Palate is sometimes involved Where the mucosa touches the palate, you may get a kissing lesion
35
What other disease can acute erythematous candida also look like?
Black hairy tongue- antibiotics can alter the oral flora balance, allowing candida to proliferate
36
What does CHC look like?
Leukoplakia- persistent white patch that cannot be removed by scrapping. Sometimes has red areas too-speckled.
37
Where is CHC most often found?
Buccal mucosa, palate and tongue
38
What is it called when there are multiple sites of CHC?
Chronic multifocal oral candidosis
39
What is the histology of CHC?
- Increase in thickness of the parakeratotic layer of epithelium - Acanthosis- increase in thickness of the prickle cell layer with neutrophils and chronic inflammatory cells - Oedema - Microabscesses in the epithelial layer - Lamina propria contains chronic inflammatory cells- lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells
40
Is CHC premalignant?
50% of cases of CHC may show epithelial dysplasia. The dysplasia may go away after treatment.
41
What layers do candidal hyphae invade in CHC?
The parakeratinised layer, but not the prickle cell layer so it is a superficial infection.
42
What is the appearance of the nucleus in the parakeratinised layer in CHC?
Contains nuclei of epithelial cells- longest axis of the nucleus runs parallel to the surface of the epithelium. Nuclei are flat and dark.
43
What is candida-associated denture stomatitis?
Due to wearing ill-fitting dentures Usually asymptomatic Not cleaning dentures- leads to accumulation of debris that can lead to candida proliferation Chronic oedema and erythema of denture covered mucosa Seen in pt's with high carbohydrate diet
44
What are Newton's 3 types of candida-associated denture stomatitis?
- Pinpoint (localised) erythematous areas - Diffuse erythematous areas - Chronic inflammatory papillary hyperplasia- erythema
45
What is angular cheilitis?
Sore, erythematous fissured corners of the mouth
46
What other diseases are associated with angular cheilitis?
Iron, riboflavin, folic acid, B12 deficiency 30% of patient's with denture stomatitis have it
47
What is angular cheilitis caused by?
Multifactorial- candida Bacteria- Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus beta haemolytic sp
48
What is median rhomboid glossitis?
Found in midline dorsal tongue- often has kissing lesion on the palate - Type of candida infection
49
What is the appearance and histology of median rhomboid glossitis?
Rhomboid shape, devoid of papillae, nodular - Lack of filliform papillae, parakeratinised, acanthotic epithelium, neutrophil infiltration and superficial microabscess formation
50
What is systemic mucocutaneous candidosis?
Persistent candida infection of mucosa, nails, skin Oral lesions are similar to CHC
51
What is candidosis endocrinopathy syndrome?
You see systemic mucocutaneous candidosis, enamel hypoplasia, autoimmune endocrinopathies, hypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus, adrenocortical hypofunction
52
What is the treatment for candida?
Treat underlying cause Antifungals- nystatin, fluconazole, amphotericin If there is CHC and epithelial dysplasia, you need to follow up

Oral candidiasis (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions