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BIOLOGY IGCSE > 2. Organisation of the organism > Flashcards

2. Organisation of the organism Flashcards

1
Q

What structural features do plant and animal cells share?

A

cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
ribosome

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2
Q

What structural features do only plant cells have?

A

cell wall
vacuoles
chloroplasts

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3
Q

Describe the structure of a bacterial cell.

A

cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm (where metabolic reactions take place, lack of mitochondria)
ribosomes
circular DNA
plasmids

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4
Q

What are plasmids?

A

structure in bacterial cell: small loops of DNA containing a few genes that can be transferred to other bacteria.

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5
Q

Function of cell wall

A

provides shape and support, prevents bursting when cell absorbs water

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6
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell - partially permeable membrane (allows only some molecules to pass through)

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7
Q

Function of nucleus

A

controls all the activities of the cell (the cell’s metabolism)

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8
Q

Function of the cytoplasm

A

site of many chemical reactions that take place in the cell

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9
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

site of photosynthesis in the cell
may contain starch grains that act as food stores

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10
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis in the cell

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11
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

site of aerobic respiration, releases energy for the cell

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12
Q

Function of vacuoles

A

help the cell to stay rigid, some substances can be stored in them

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13
Q

What is circular DNA and its function?

A

chromosomal DNA found in bacteria, contains genetic material

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14
Q

How are new cells produced?

A

division of existing cells

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15
Q

Function of ciliated cells

A

movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

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16
Q

Function of root hair cells

A

absorption of water and mineral ions

17
Q

Function of palisade mesophyll cells

A

photosynthesis

18
Q

Function of neurones

A

conduction of electrical impulses

19
Q

Function of red blood cells

A

transport of oxygen

20
Q

Function of sperm and egg cells (gametes)

A

reproduction

21
Q

What is a cell?

A

smallest basic unit of living organisms

22
Q

What is a tissue?

A

group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

23
Q

What is an organ?

A

structure made up of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions

24
Q

What is an organ system?

A

group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

25
Q

What is an organism?

A

organ systems, each with different functions, working in a coordinated way

26
Q

Magnification =

A

image size ÷ actual size

27
Q

How can you convert between millimetres (mm) and micrometres (μm)?

A

micrometers = millimeters × 1,000

BIOLOGY IGCSE (19 decks)

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