2 - organisation whole topic Flashcards
(36 cards)
whats a cell, tissue, organ and organ system
cell - basic building blocks that make up all living organisms
tissue - similar cells working together for a particular function
organ - different tissues work together for a certain function
organ system - group of organs working together for a certain function
whats a catalyst
speeds up the rate of reaction without being changed or used up
effect of pH on enzyme activity - practical
- add iodine in spotting tile
- bunsen burner heat water
- add amyalyse/starch and pH solution to test tube
- pipette into spots every 20 secs
- stop when they stop turning black
how to calculate rate of raction
rate = 100/time
starch
starch –amylase–> maltose
- salivary glands
- pancreas
- small intestine
proteins
proteins —protease–> amino acids
- stomach
- pancrease
- small intestine
lipids
lipid —lipase–> glycerol&3FA
- pancreas
- small intestine
role of bile and where
- produced in liver, stored in gall bladder
- bile is alkali so neutralises the HCl acid in stomach
- emulsifies fats - breaks them down
Benedict’s solution
- reducing sugars
- water bath
- blue —> brick red
iodine solution
- starch
- browny-orange —-> blue/black
biuret test
- proteins
- blue —-> purple
Sudan III test
- lipids
- top layer brick red
process of breathing through lungs and where are they
- in thorax - top part of your bod
- protected by rib cage
- breath in air goes through trachea then splits into bronchi one going to each lung when contains the alveoli - gas exchane
alveoli
- gas exchange
- blood passing next to alveoli has lots of co2 and no oxygen
- oxygen diffuses out the alveoli and into blood
- co2 diffuses out the blood and into the alveoli to be breathed out
heart peacemaker - natural and aritifical
- ur heart rate is controlled by a group of cells in the right atrium wall - pacemaker
- send electrical impulses to muscle cells so they contract
- artificial pacemaker - controls heartbeat if ur natural cells dont work properly - electrical current
red blood cells
- carry oxygen from lungs to all cells in the bod
- biconcave disc - large surface area for absorbing oxygen
- no nucleus - more space for oxygen absorption
- contain red pigment - haemoglobin
WBC
- change shape to consume pathogens - phagocytosis
- produce antibodies and antitoxins to kill pathogens
- do have a nucleus
platelets
- small fragments of cells
- no nucleus
- clot to stop blood pouring out and stop pathogens getting in
plasma
carries everything in blood - pale liquid
- RBC/WBC/platelets
- glucose and amino acids
- co2
- urea
- hormones
- proteins
whats coronary heart disease
when your coronary arteries that supply blood to the muscles of your heart gets blocked by layers of fatty material building up
stents
- cure for coronary heart disease
- tubes inside artery to open it up so blood can pass through and keep the heart beating
- effective for a long time, recovery time quick, reduces risk of heart attack
- surgery - risk of infection - blood clot near stent = thrombosis
statins
- cure for coronary heart disease
- statins reduce cholesterol levels in thr blood
pros: reduces risk of HA and CHD
cons: long term , taken regularly, bad side effects eg kidney failure, effect isnt instant
artificial heart
- mechanical devices pump blood if ur heart has failed
- temporary fix - heart transplant
- less likely to be rejected
- surgery to get it - bleeding, infection, blood clots bc it doesn’t flow through heart smoothly
what happens when ur valves stop working
- damaged or weaken from heart attacks, infection, old age
- valve wont open properly
- can be leaky - blood flow in both directions