4 - bioenergetics whole topic

Question 1

where does photosynthesis take place

Answer 1

• chloroplasts in green plant cells
• contain green pigment - chlorophyll - absorb light

Question 2

word and chemical equation for photosynthesis

Answer 2

carbon dioxide + water –light–> glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H20 –light–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 3

5 things plants use glucose for

Answer 3

• respiration
• making cellulose - strengthening plant wall
• making amino acids
• stored as oils and fats (lipids)
• stored as starch - for winter when no photosysnthesis

Question 4

limiting factors to photosysnthesis

Answer 4

• light intensity
• co2 concentration
• temperature
• amount of chlorophyll

Question 5

what effects the amount of chlorophyll

Answer 5

• diseases
• lack of nutrience

Question 6

oxygen production pondweed practical method:

Answer 6

1. white light placed specific distance from pondweed in enclosed water test tube
2. left to photosynthesis for specific amount of time - oxygen captured by capillary tube
3. length of gas bubbles measured from syringe
4. repeat twice and calculate the mean volume of O2 produced

Question 7

controlled variables for pondweed practical

Answer 7

• temperature
• time pond weed is left to photosynthesise

Question 8

whats the relationship between light intensity an distance in the pondweed practical

Answer 8

distance an light intensity are inversely proportional

Question 9

artificial ideal conditions for farming

Answer 9

• green house with heater - temp
• lamp - light
• paraffin heater - heater that makes co2 - co2 concentration
• enclosed - no pests or pathogens

Question 10

definition of respiration

Answer 10

the process of transferring energy from glucose into every cell - exothermic bc it transfers energy into the environment

Question 11

uses of energy from respiration

Answer 11

1. build smaller molecules into larger ones
2. muscle contraction
3. maintain correct body temperature in mammals and birds

Question 12

definition of metabolism

Answer 12

the sum of all the chemical reactions in the cells of an organism

Question 13

word and chemical equation for AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Answer 13

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water
C6H1206 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H20

Question 14

equation for anaerobic resispiration

Answer 14

glucose —> lactic acid

Question 15

when does anaerobic respiration occur

Answer 15

• when you do vigorous exercise and your body can’t supply enough oxygen to your muscles so they start doing anaerobic respiration as well as aerobic respiration

Question 16

equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells

Answer 16

glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 17

whats fermantation and examples

Answer 17

• anaerobic respiration in yeast cells
• bread making - co2 from fermentation makes it rise
• beer and wine making - fermentation produces alcohol

Question 18

what happens when you exercise

Answer 18

• muscles contract more so require more energy which comes from increased respiration and therefore your cells need more oxygen

Question 19

how do you get more oxygen

Answer 19

• breathing rate increase to get oxygen into blood
• breath volume increase to get oxygen into blood
• heart rate increase to get deoxygenated blood out

Question 20

what is oxygen debt

Answer 20

• happens after you stop exercising anaerobically
• its the amount of extra oxygen your body needs to remove the lactic acid from the cells