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2- Pain treatment: pharmacology Flashcards

(19 cards)

1
Q

What enzymes are targeted by pain medications/NSAIDs?

A

COX enzymes

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2
Q

What does the COX enzymes produce?

A

Stimulate cells to produce prostanoids (prostaglandins) > cause pain

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3
Q

Describe the basic pathway of pain

A

Injury to cell membrane > Phospholipase A2 release arachidonic acid > Stimulates COX-1, COX-2 and lipoxygenase > Produces Prostanoids (PGE2, PGI2, TXA2, PGF) & Leukotrienes

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4
Q

Name 2 common SA NSAIDs

A

Meloxicam, Carprofen, Robenacoxib, Firocoxib

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5
Q

Name 2 common Equine NSAIDs

A

Phenylbutazone, Flunixin meglumine, Meloxicam

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6
Q

Name 2 common cattle NSAIDs

A

Meloxicam, Ketoprofen

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7
Q

Contraindications with NSAIDs

A

Renal/hepatic insufficiency
Hypovolaemia
Congestive heart failure
Coagulopathies
Spinal injuries
Gastric ulcers
Concurrent use of steroids
Pregnancy
Shock

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8
Q

Can paracetamol be used in cats?

A

No

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9
Q

What does Grapiprant (Galliprant) target

A

Blocks EP4 receptors
Targets canine oesteoarthritis pain and inflammation- so it is more selective so kidney and gut preserved from damage

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10
Q

what is pardale-V

A

Paracetamol & codeine

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11
Q

Name 3 opioids

A

Morphine, Methadone, Pethidine, Fentanyl, Buprenorphine, Butorphonal

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12
Q

Do local anaesthetics have a narrow or broad therapeutic index?

A

Narrow- so it is easy to overdose

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13
Q

T/F Only the ionised, charged form of local anaesthetics can interact with the receptor

A

True

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14
Q

Where is the receptor for local anaesthetics located?

A

Within the pore of sodium channels

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15
Q

How does paracetamol work

A

blocks central and peripheral COX
not classed as a NSAID

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16
Q

When are opiods used

A

in prem-emptive
multimodal
preventative analgesia

17
Q

What are local anaesthetics

A

amides or esters

18
Q

How do you treat a overdose of local anaesthetic

A

20% intralipid IV

19
Q

What must you always do before administering a local anaesthetic

A

ASPIRATE -to make sure not in blood vessel