2. Psychology as a Science Flashcards Preview

Introduction to Psychology (PSYC1430) > 2. Psychology as a Science > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2. Psychology as a Science Deck (11)
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1
Q

Define hypothesis.

A

A specific prediction about a phenomenon

2
Q

Define theory.

A

A set of formal statements explaining how and why events are related to one another

3
Q

Define empirical evidence.

A

Data collected through direct observation or experiment

4
Q

What are the key features of a science?

A
Emphasis on falsifying hypotheses
Using empirical data
Parsimony of theory
Ability to conduct controlled experiments
Measuring accurately
Facilitating predictions
5
Q

What is hindsight?

A

After-the-fact understanding

6
Q

6 steps to the scientific method

A
  1. initial observation
  2. gather info and form hypothesis
  3. test hypothesis (research)
  4. analyse data, draw conclusions
  5. report findings
  6. further research + theory building
7
Q

What are the theoretical assumptions?

A

Determinism
Generality
Systematicity

8
Q

What are the methodological assumptions?

A

Empiricism
Scepticism
Experimentation

9
Q

What is deducting reasoning?

A

Top-down
Generalising from broad to specific
Re-state what’s already known

10
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

Bottom-up
Generalising from specific to broad
Generate predictions about the future

11
Q

What are the ethical guidelines?

A

Respect
Competence
Responsibility
Integrity