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C1 - Chemistry > 2 Rocks And Building Materials > Flashcards

2 Rocks And Building Materials Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What happens when we heat limestone?3

A

It breaks down to form

Calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

Thermal decomposition is what it’s called

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2
Q

What is limestone mainly made from?

A

Calcium carbonate

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3
Q

How is lots of calcium oxide made?2

A

In a furnace called a line kiln

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4
Q

How does a lime kiln work?4

A
  • it is filled with crushed limestone
  • heated strongly using a supply of hot air
  • calcium oxide comes out of the bottom of the kiln
  • waste gases, including the carbon dioxide made leave the kiln at the top
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5
Q

What is the chemical formula of calcium carbonate?

A

CaCO3

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6
Q

Other than building what can limestone be used to produce?2

A

Cement

Concrete

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7
Q

How can limestone be used to make cement?

A

it can be heated with powdered clay to make cement

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8
Q

What is calcium oxide useful for?

A

Building and farming industry

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9
Q

What happens when dilute acid is added to a carbonate?3

A

Carbonated react with dilute acid to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?2

A
  • Limewater turns cloudy in the test for carbon dioxide gas

- a precipitate of insoluble calcium carbonate causes cloudiness

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11
Q

How can we make when calcium oxide reacts with water?

A

Calcium hydroxide

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12
Q

How can we make calcium hydroxide from calcium oxide?

A

When water is added to calcium oxide it produces calcium hydroxide

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13
Q

Why is calcium hydroxide a useful substance?

A

Calcium hydroxide is alkaline so it can be used to neutralise acids

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14
Q

How do we make concrete?4

A
  • it is made by mixing crushed rocks or small stones called aggregate, cement and sand with water
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15
Q

How do we make cement?

A

It is made by heating limestone with clay in a kiln

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16
Q

What are the uses of limestone?

A

The building industry

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17
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

An insoluble solid formed by a reaction taking place in a solid

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18
Q

What does calcium oxide react with to produce calcium hydroxide?

A

Water

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19
Q

What does calcium hydroxide react with to produce calcium carbonate?

A

Carbon dioxide

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20
Q

Why are buildings made from limestone affected by the products from burning fossil fuels contains sulphur?

A

Sulphur burns to produce sulfur dioxide

That causes acid rain that erodes limestone

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21
Q

Why does nitrogen come out of a kiln?

A

Air does and 75-80% of air is nitrogen

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22
Q

Test for carbon dioxide in limewater?

A

Goes cloudy in limewater

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23
Q

Why does the production of low carbon steel use oxygen?

A

Oxygen is needed to react with carbon

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24
Q

Why does the production of titanium use argon?

A

Because it is very unreactive

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25
Why is titanium more expensive than iron?
More stages in its manufacture Larger amounts of energy needed Argon is used
26
Explain how products from burning coal have an impact on the environment?
Carbon dioxide causes global warming Carbon particles cause global dimming Carbon monoxide is toxic Sulfur dioxide causes acid rain
27
What does burning methane produced?
Carbon dioxide | Water
28
How much nitrogen is in the air?
78%
29
Why can metals be bent and hammered into different shapes?
Layers of atoms that can slide over eachother
30
How does limestone release carbon dioxide?
Thermal decomposition
31
How does limestone remove sulphur dioxide?
Reacts with sulphur dioxide to form calcium sulfate Neutralised
32
Explain how carbon monoxide is formed?
Incomplete combustion due to lack of oxygen
33
Explain the meaning of locked up carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere Taken in millions of years ago Used to form shells or skeletons of marine organisms
34
What does calcium carbonate decompose to be?
Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
35
What decomposes in a similar way to calcium carbonate?
Magnesium Copper Zinc Sodium
36
What do metal carbonates decompose (on heating) to produce?
Carbon dioxide and metal oxide
37
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy
38
What do carbonates react with acids to produced
Carbon dioxide A salt Water
39
What happens when limestone is heated with clay?
Makes cement
40
How is cement used to make mortar?
It's mixed with sand
41
How do you make concrete from cement?
Mix cement with sand and aggregate
42
What does a solution of calcium hydroxide in water react with carbon dioxide to produce?
Calcium carbonate
43
What is limewater?
Calcium hydroxide in water
44
What does limestone thermally decompose to produce?
Calcium oxide | And carbon dioxide
45
How do you make calcium hydroxide solution from calcium hydroxide?
Add more water and filter
46
Why use a limestone kiln?
You can make lots of calcium oxide
47
Why rotate a kiln?
So there is a proper supply of air | So the calcium carbonate decomposed completely
48
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
Turns limewater solution cloudy
49
Describe how the limewater test works?
Limewater is alkaline calcium hydroxide Carbon dioxide is weakly acidic They react to form precipitate of calcium carbonate Which turns the limewater cloudy As light can't pass through solution with solid in it
50
How is calcium hydroxide used?
To improve soul is acidic because it is an alkali It will raise the ph of an acidic soil Neutralise acidic waste gases before releasing gases in the air
51
How is concrete used?
Glass fibres Carbon fibres Steel rods Poly propene nylon
52
What are metals always?
Positive
53
What are non metals always?
Negative
54
Why don't we react carbon with titanium?
It is made brittle
55
What are the simplest steels?
Carbon steels
56
Why is concrete stronger than mortar
Contains more aggregate
57
Why is scrap iron used to get copper?
It is cheap
58
Advantages of phytomining?
Carbon neutral | Less expensive for small amounts
59
Disadvantage of phytomining?
Not continuous as it takes too long for plants to grow
60
Why is iron straight from a blast furnace not useful?
It's very brittle Very hard Can't be compressed easily
61
How do you treat iron in a blast furnace?
To remove some of the carbon to give us pure iron
62
How do you make carbon steels?
By removing most of the carbon from cast iron
63
What does distillation do?
Separated liquids with different boiling points

C1 - Chemistry (7 decks)

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