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PSYC 101 > 2-sleep and states of consciousness > Flashcards

2-sleep and states of consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE CONSCIOUSNESS

A

awareness of internal/external stimuli

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2
Q

Consciousness continuum

A

some levels are connected to awareness and others are not and the brain is considered to be inherently conscious, extending down to levels that are eventually very basic and non-reflective.

Between deep sleep (no awareness) and full consciousness (full awareness)

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3
Q

FOUR BASIC PROPERTIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

A
  1. it is intentional
    1. always doing something
  2. It has unity
    1. Takes info from all your senses
    2. Integrates it into a unified experience
  3. It is selective
    1. Includes some objects but not others
    2. Can tune into certain changes
  4. It is transient
    1. Has a tendency to change
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4
Q

circadian rhythms

A

24-hour cycles that are a part of the body’s internal clock

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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • above pituitary gland, main center of HOMEOSTASIS!!
    • Tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level within a biological system
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6
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A
  • brain’s clock mechanism in hypothalamus
    • Axons of light-sensitive neutrons provide info
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7
Q

Melatonin

A
  • hormone that is important regulator of sleep-wake cycles
    • Stimulated by darkness
    • Inhibited by light
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8
Q

Pineal gland

A

endocrine structure located inside the brain, releases melatonin, thought to be involved in the regulation of various biological rhythms and of the immune system during sleep

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9
Q

Chrono type

A
  • individual differences in one’s sleep-wake cycle
    • Morning bird vs night owl
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10
Q

Sleep regulation

A

refers to the brain’s control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycles with the outside world

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11
Q

homeostatic function of sleep?

A
  • Restore resources used throughout the day (contested)
  • Reduce predatory risk (contested)
    • No moving during night
    • But… animals with strong predatory risk at night have evolved to sleep at night
    • Negative relationship or no relationship with numbers of sleep at night and ?????? SOMETHING
  • Healthy functioning (see next slides)
  • Memory and learning
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12
Q

what brain areas control the sleep-wake cycle?

A
  • Thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
    • Contains SCN—biological clock of body
    • Regular slow-wave sleep
  • Pons
    • Important for regulating rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
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13
Q

what hormones are sleep associated with

A
  • Melatonin
  • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • And growth hormone
  • Pituitary gland secretes both FSH and LH
    • Important in regulating the reproductive system
  • Pituary gland also secrets growth hormone—physical growth and maturation as well as other metabolic processes
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14
Q

sleep rebound

A

if you stay up all night and sleep longer

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15
Q

Sleep debt

A

chronically getting fewer hours of sleep than we need

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16
Q

effects of sleep debt?

A
  • decrease mental alertness
  • Reduced cognition
  • Depressive-like symptoms
  • Obesity
    • Blood pressure
    • Levels of stress hormones
    • Reduced immune function
    • Risk of diabetes
  • Hallucinations
17
Q

jet lag

A

collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment

18
Q

Rotating shift

A
  • work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis—disruption
    • Associated with persistent feelings of exhaustion and agitation that can make someone more prone to making mistakes on the job
19
Q

stage 1 of sleep

A
  1. alpha waves: lower frequency higher amplitude
    1. Early stages of sleep
    2. Very relaxed but awake
    3. Decrease in overall muscle tension and core body temperature
    4. Towards the end: theta waves
      1. Lower frequency and higher amplitude
20
Q

stage 2 of sleep

A
  1. Beta waves: lower frequency and higher amplitude than alpha waves
    1. Has sleep spindles!
    2. Has k-complexes
21
Q

sleep spindles

A

The random spike!
1. Involved with learning and memory
2. Rapid bursts of higher frequency brain waves

22
Q

K-complexes

A

very high spikes, high amplitude
1. Last check in with the environment

23
Q

stage 3 of sleep

A
  1. Slow wave sleep(delta waves)—lowest frequency, highest amplitude waves
    1. Some dreams occur in stage 3
    2. Heart rate and respiration slow dramatically
    3. More difficult to wake someone up
    4. People with higher levels of alpha wave brain activity during stage 3 and stage 4 often report that they do not feel refreshed upon waking
24
Q

REM sleep

A
  1. brainwaves looks like it is awake
  2. rapid movements of the eyes
  3. You DREAAAAMMMMM
  4. Also associated with paralysis of muscle systems with the exception of those that make circulation and respiration possible
  5. Implicated in various aspects of learning and memory
25
Q

REM rebound

A
  1. when people are deprived of REM sleep and then allowed to sleep, will spend more time in REM to recoup the lost time in REM\
    1. Suggests that REM is homeostatically regulated
    2. Also maybe involved in emotional processing and regulation
26
Q

adaptive function of sleep (theory for why we sleep)

A
  • evolutionary psychology!
  • Sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day
    • Reduce energy expenditures!
    • But… little research that supports this–Why not periods of rest and inactivity?
  • Or… sleep is an adaptive response to predatory risks, which increase in darkness!
    • Sleep in safe areas to reduce the chance of harm
    • But relationship between predatory risk and sleep is very complex and equivocal
27
Q

cognitive function of sleep (theory for why we sleep)

A
  • importance for cognitive function and memory formation
    • Slow-wave sleep after learning a new task can improve resultant performance on that task
    • Essential for effective memory formation!
  • Increased capacities for creative thinking, language learning, and inferential judgements
    • Is possible that processing of emotional info is influenced by certain aspects of sleep
28
Q

Manifest content

A

what we dream

29
Q

Latent content

A

what the dream means

30
Q

modern thoughts about dreams

A
  • activation-synthesis model
  • Response to the external world
  • Dream about what’s happening in our lives
    I WILL UPDATE THIS SLIDE BC THIS IS LIKE NO INFO

PSYC 101 (19 decks)

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