2. Socialization Flashcards
(40 cards)
Define organizational socialization.
the process by which a new employee learns the culture
values, norms, behaviors
Name three assumptions of Socialization in Organizations.
- Socialization occurs at two levels (org –> ind, ind –> org)
- socialization is DEVELOPMENTAL
- focus: integration of newcomers
Name the four functions of organizational culture.
- org identity
- social system stability
- collective commitment
- sense-making device
Describe the evolution of socialization through the 60s to the 90s
60s: “coercive integration”
70s: “people management”
80s: “interactive assimilation”
90s: “proactivity”
The Doll Experiment (Clark & Clark, 1939)
- 2 dolls shown to children (aged 6-9): black, white
- series of questions
- 71% said “white doll is the nice one”
- 88% of black children said the black doll looked most like them
- 47% of black girls said the white girl is the pretty one (boys said both)
What is another word for “coercive organization”
CULT
define “cult”
a TOTALITARIAN movement
- absolute devotion
- methods of manipulation, persuasion, control
- goals are that of the leader
- total dependence of members
–> important consequences for social environment
Name the 4 components of “psychological abuse” according to Langone 1992.
a) controlling information in order to manipulate thinking/judgement
b) coercing CHOICE
c) fragmenting PERSONAL IDENTITY
d) undermining SELF-WORTH
name the 4 kinds of techniques seen in psychological abuse (Rodriguez-Carballeira, 1992)
ENVIRONMENTAL techniques
EMOTIONAL techniques
COGNITIVE techniques
ALTERED STATES CONSCIOUSNESS Techniques
Environmental Techniques
CCIP
Controlling info
Creating dependency
Isolation
Physical/psychological weakness
Why is “controlling infos” effective in coercive organizations?
cognitive disorganisation e.g. through time control
monopoly of info, one source –> absolutist perspectve
How are members of a cult isolated?
detachment from social network
How is physical/psychological weakness induced?
- sleep deprivation
- unbalanced diet
- indoctrination after intense working
- physical coercion (less common)
Sleep deprivation case study…
RANDY GARDNER stayed awake 264 hours (11days)
Irritability, speech slurring, memory lapses, fragmented thinking, paranoia, expressionlessness
Emotional techniques
– Emotional Activation
– Activation of Guilt and Anxiety
What is meant by “emotional activation”?
increasing the affective, decreasing the rational e.g. love-bombing
How is guilt and anxiety activated?
arbitrary application of reward/punishment
What is intermittent reinforcement?
not administered to each instance of response
– builds persistent behavior that is more resistant to extinction
Cognitive techniques
NAG
No critical thinking (absolutist beliefs)
Attention control (e.g. sensory deprivation, saturation)
Group identification demands (e.g. control over language)
Altered States Consciousness Techniques
MMD
MANTRAS
MEDITATON
DRUGS
Define the three stages of socialization in organizations.
1) anticipatory socialization
2) encounter
3) change and acquisition
What does Stage 1 (anticipatory socialization) rely on?
Realism (expectations)
Congruence (competences)
–> the psychological contract
Define the psychological contract.
the perception of both parties to the employment relationship, organization and individual
What are key characteristics of the psychological contract?
- evolving, dynamic
- subjective (to ind. expectations)
- relational
- transactional
