2: The Chemistry of Life Flashcards
(26 cards)
Isotopes differ in the number of ________.
electrons
Trace elements are _____.
elements that are required by organisms in very small quantities
Non polar covalent;
Electrons shared equally between atoms
Electrons shared unequally in _____________ bond
polar covalent
High surface tension in thin vessels
Capillary action
_________ bonds are WEAK bonds
Hydrogen
Carbohydrates contain ___, ___ and ___ in a ::_ ratio.
Carbon; hydrogen; oxygen; 1; 2; 1
The two most common monosaccharide sugars are _____ and _____.
glucose and fructose
Glucose and fructose are easy to spot if you notice their ______.
six-carbon molecules
Bond between carbohydrates:
Glycosidic bond
Process of forming glycosidic bonds and losing a water molecule
Dehydration synthesis / condensation
Breaking up disaccharides and forming two monosaccharides with the addition of an H2O molecule
Hydrolysis
Starch, cellulose and glycogen are the most common _______.
polysaccharides
Building blocks of proteins are called ______.
Amino acids
Amino acids are made of an amino group (____), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen, and an R group.
-NH2
Amino acids are made of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (____), a hydrogen, and an R group.
-COOH
Amino acids are made of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a ______, and an R group.
Hydrogen
Amino acids are made of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen, and an _________.
R group
The r group is also called a ___________.
Side chain
Bond between amino acids (proteins):
peptide bonds
Examples of lipids:
Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids
Triglyceride is another word for
fat.
A typical fat consists of __________ and ____________.
three fatty acids; one molecule of glycerol
The linkage formed between the glycerol molecule and the fatty acids are called _______.
ester linkage
