#2- The revolution from October 1789 to the directory

Question 1

what political reforms did the consitutional monarchy make

Answer 1

83 departments for elections- divided into districts.more power given to local authority
right to vote to all active citizens

Question 2

what tax reforms did the constitutional monarchy make

Answer 2

everyone paid tax
all paid land tax
only active citizens paid tax onmoveable goods

Question 3

what judicial reforms were introduced under the constitutional monarchy

Answer 3

torture abolsihed
justice of the peace in each canton
trialby jury

Question 4

what church reforms did the consitutional monarchy make

Answer 4

church property belonged to state
abuses of pluralism aboloshed
clergy were paid by state
protestants given full civil rights

Question 5

what was the clerical oath of 1790

Answer 5

had to take an oath to the consitution. causes conflict with the pope

Question 6

when was the flight to varennes

Answer 6

20th june 1791

Question 7

what did the flight to varennes show

Answer 7

Louis did not understand how popular the changes of 1789 were
many no longer trusted him
constitutional monarchy was in doubt
republicanism grew

Question 8

when was the champs de mars massacre

Answer 8

17th july 1791

Question 9

what was the champs de mars massacre

Answer 9

50,000 protest for a republic. 50 people killed and leaders of cordeliers danton and brissot flee

Question 10

when does the legislative assembly replace the natioanl constituent assembly

Answer 10

1791

Question 11

was there chances of the monarchy succeeding

Answer 11

new deputies lacked experience 
king did not believe in it 
king did accept constitution
controlled successfully in july
many popular changes

Question 12

what caused riots in 1789

Answer 12

political instability and rising bread prices
high expectations of estates general
large numbers were influenced by radical groups

Question 13

who helped the jacobins dominate the government

Answer 13

Robespierre

Question 14

what was the pillnitz declaration

Answer 14

when austria and prussia declare war on france. louis supports war as either way it would increase his popularity

Question 15

what caused louis to clash with the assembly

Answer 15

a law making not doing the clerical oath a crime

law demanding land of emigres like Louis brother. he blocked both laws

Question 16

what about war called for overthrow of monarchy

Answer 16

the fact it went badly- half of officers deserted

Question 17

what in 1972 made the sans culottes more militant

Answer 17

price rises and food shortages.

Question 18

when was louis forced to wear the red cap of liberty

Answer 18

20th of june 1972

Question 19

when was the monarchy overthrown

Answer 19

10th of august 1972- tuilleries attacked, they hid in legislative assembly however they were forced to be handed over

Question 20

when were the monarchy executed

Answer 20

1793

Question 21

why did the september massacres take place

Answer 21

to get rid of all counter revolutionaries

Question 22

how many prisoners were killed from 2-4th september

Answer 22

1,300

Question 23

what were set up in 1793

Answer 23

CGS- committee of general security

CPS- committee of public safety

Question 24

what was the role of the CPS

Answer 24

twelve man to deal with war strategy
lead by danton and robespierre
levee on masse ordered- conscription
sent out representatives on mission

Question 25

what was the role of the CGS

Answer 25

twelve deputies oversee security including poloce prosecute foreign agents for forged notes report regularly to national convention

Question 26

how did the grain controls of 1793 fail

Answer 26

increased the black market

Question 27

what were the two forms of terror

Answer 27

political and religious

Question 28

how did robespierre commit political terror

Answer 28

17th september 1793- national convention law of suspects- increased who could be classed as a counter revolutionary - names given to CGS

Question 29

execution number for march to september 1793

Answer 29

70 people in paris

Question 30

execution number for october to december

Answer 30

178

Question 31

1794 death sentences

Answer 31

2639 in paris | 16594- in france as a whole

Question 32

how many low classe people were executed

Answer 32

74% of executions

Question 33

what method was used to speed up the process of terror by joesph fouche

Answer 33

placed people infront of cannons and killed them using grapeshot

Question 34

how was france going through dechristianisation

Answer 34

religious terror- driven across france by 1794 drove by the sans culottes priests removed from posts and churches closed down robespierre wished for new religion

Question 35

who was the power struggle between in the convention

Answer 35

girondins and the joacobins

Question 36

what happened on the 2nd June 1793

Answer 36

29 girondins in NC all removed and executed by national guard

Question 37

what law made the jacobin government a dictatorship

Answer 37

the law of frimaire - 4th december 1793

Question 38

what did the law of frimaire do

Answer 38

confirmed cgs and cps had full executive power | disbanded all revolutionary armies except the paris one

Question 39

who were the two opposition groups

Answer 39

herberts- wanted more terror | indulgents- who wanted less terror

Question 40

when was the great terror

Answer 40

10th june to the 17th of july - 1794

Question 41

what three laws were introduced in the great terror

Answer 41

law on general police law of 19 floreal law of prairial 10 june 1794

Question 42

what was the law on general police

Answer 42

allowed the cps to set up police bureau to deploy agents across France to catch counter revolutionaries

Question 43

what was the law of floreal 19

Answer 43

gave paris revolutionary tribunal highest jurisdiction

Question 44

what was the law of prairial

Answer 44

increased definition of political crime so anyone could be included made guilty verdicts more likely drops acquital rate to 20%

Question 45

when was the cult of supreme being founded

Answer 45

may 1794

Question 46

what was the event called which overthrew robespierre

Answer 46

thermidorian reaction July 1974

Question 47

why did Robespierre fall

Answer 47

``` illness- withdrawn from cps issues with those who supported dechristianisation cult of supreme being lost support of sans culottes his speech ```

Question 48

who were the thermidorians made up of

Answer 48

ex surviving members of cps and cgs as well as national convention

Question 49

how was power de centralised under the coup of thermidor

Answer 49

membership of cps and cgs changed regularly setting up communities to share government reponsibilities repealing law of prairial abolishing paris commune closing jacobin club freedom of religion

Question 50

how many were massacred in the south in 1795

Answer 50

2,000 lives

Question 51

what caused the parisian risings of 1795

Answer 51

removal of price controls and a harsh winter

Question 52

when was the sans culottes finally defeated

Answer 52

20-25 may 1975 using the national guard loyal to the convention

Question 53

who were the directory chosen by

Answer 53

chosen by council of ancients | held office for five years

Question 54

what was the natinal convention replaced by

Answer 54

council of five hundred | council of ancients

Question 55

who made up council of ancients

Answer 55

250 members over 40, approved or rejected legislation

Question 56

who made up council of 500

Answer 56

all members were over 30 and initiated legislation

Question 57

who voted for the directory

Answer 57

all males over 21 who paid over 5.5 million in direct task

Question 58

what were the weaknesses of the directory constitution

Answer 58

yearly elections mean't instability | no mechanism to solve disputes between two councils and directors

Question 59

what were economic problems of the directory

Answer 59

inflation changed from paper to metal coins not enough so deflation occured.

Question 60

financial issues of the directory

Answer 60

reliance on war to balance economy government bonds which essentially become worthless alienated sections of society- debt was gone but loss support of government creditors

Question 61

what measures did the directory take to resolve financial issues

Answer 61

september 1797- two thirds of debt written off profits of war- germany and italy vincent ramel- 1798- tax reform new direct taxes eg a window tax introduced more indirect tax- tax on goods entering towns tax collection more efficient.