#4- Decline and fall of Napoleon, 1807-15

Question 1

what did the berlin and milan decrees do

Answer 1

they began the idea of the contintenal system

Question 2

what is the continental system

Answer 2

britain was forbidden from trading with France and its satellite states

Question 3

how did the continetal system effect France

Answer 3

decline in seaport industry eg rope making and ship building
french industries which needed export suffered
trade routes across the Rhine opened up

Question 4

how did the continental system effect Britain

Answer 4

lack of French seapower reduced the effectiveness
napoleon increased effeorts to seize illegal goods while allowing grain and wine to be traded
argued britain had trade with America but also argued that it fell by 50%-1811
counter blockade caused anglo american war 1812

Question 5

how did the continental system effect Europe

Answer 5

created tension with satelite states in his empire
portugal and the peninsular war
1808 Russia left leading to 1812 invasion

Question 6

how did the continental system effect Napoloen’s downfall

Answer 6

failed on British defeat
peninsular war drained French resources
Russian campaign failure
eceonomic impact caused unpopularity at home.

Question 7

how long was Britain at war with France

Answer 7

1803-1814

Question 8

how did Britain help Europe

Answer 8

through subsidies

Question 9

how much subsidies did Britain give out

Answer 9

£600 million total
450,000 austrian and Russian troops paid for by Britain in 1813
£10 million a year by 1814

Question 10

How did Britain diplomatically oppose France

Answer 10

Pitt (UK PM) organised 3rd coalition
UK persuaded austria to join in 1809
1812- Britain keeps coalition together in final struggle

Question 11

How did British naval power work against them

Answer 11

caused war with USA in 1812

attack on copenhagen almost lead to Denmark joining France

Question 12

How did the British Navy benefit them

Answer 12

weakened France through naval blockade
important victories battle of t 1805
weakened fleet preventing British invasion

Question 13

How did British forces on land weaken napoleon

Answer 13

peninsular war

iberian peninsular under sir arthur wellesley, 30,000 french forces taken up.

Question 14

when was the battle of waterloo

Answer 14

18th of June

Question 15

who lead the battle of waterloo

Answer 15

Duke of Wellington

Question 16

how important was Britain to Napoleon’s downfall

Answer 16

60,000 British troops did not match France
If France wasn’t continuing wars then British diplomacy would not have worked
continental system caused war with Russia in 1812
British naval power prevented invasion

Question 17

what caused war with spain

Answer 17

1808- napoleon replaces King with brother Joseph

Question 18

what tactics did the Spanish use

Answer 18

guerilla warfare

Question 19

when was spain liberated after numerous victories

Answer 19

1813

Question 20

what caused the Russian campaign

Answer 20

Napoleon married austrain princess- russia hated austria
Rivalry to try and seize the balkans
disagreement over grand duchy of Poland
1810= continental system

Question 21

how many were in Napoleons army against Russia

Answer 21

600,000- fewer then half were even French

Question 22

in which inital battle was Napoleon successful

Answer 22

1812- Borodino - tsar still refuses to negotiate

Question 23

why did Russia win the conflict

Answer 23

Russia never fought formal battle 
scorched earth strategy 
Russian skirmishes constantly attacked
Russian army was larger
Napoleon lacked strategy - couldn't control every detail
Poor supply lines
stayed in Moscow before retreat

Question 24

what was the size of the army after leaving Russia

Answer 24

120,000 men

Question 25

how was the 6th coalition different

Answer 25

``` common aim of liberating Germany included all 4 major european powers members reformed armies and their tactics France was in decline had unified military startegy ```

Question 26

what was the treaty of chaumont 1814

Answer 26

the allied powers agreed not to stop until Napoleon's defeat

Question 27

when did Napoleon abdicate

Answer 27

march 1814

Question 28

what was the rules of the peace of Paris 1814

Answer 28

give up all territorial gains since 1872 | Napoleon exiled to elba with a pension

Question 29

what did the French empire consist of ( with examples)

Answer 29

France and its natural frontiers- eg the alps annexed territories- swiss confederation- 1803 satellite states- Kingdoms of italy- 1805

Question 30

why was the empire of value to Napoleon

Answer 30

annexed territories- ruled exactly the same as France eg rights and obligations satllite states provided half of army between 1804-1814 satellite states had napoleon's family on monarchy satellite states had to provide members for the grand army

Question 31

why did the empire cause issues for Napoleon

Answer 31

conscription was hated and resisted. armed rebellion in Spain and Austria not all his family obeyed- his brother refused continental system in holland

Question 32

how did napoleon provide law and order in France

Answer 32

the gendarmerie- soldiers stationed across rural areas showed government presence

Question 33

which countries had a large tax burden

Answer 33

Holland and Italy

Question 34

did napoleon abolish feudalism in his countries

Answer 34

no- Germany, Italy and Poland

Question 35

why did Napoleon believe he could return to power

Answer 35

louis XVIII was weak | he promised to agree to paris treaty and be more liberal - 'le benjamine'

Question 36

when was the battle of waterloo

Answer 36

18th June 1815

Question 37

when did napoleon abdicate

Answer 37

20th June 1815

Question 38

which island did Napoleon get exiled to the second time

Answer 38

St Helena

Question 39

how did France get treated by Vienna settlement

Answer 39

surrounded by strong opposition so France could not invade again spain got its bourbon ruler back Russia took most of Poland

Question 40

what were the reasons for Napoleon fail

Answer 40

``` War-weariness in France Military reasons Changes among his enemies Nationalism Personal Failings ```

Question 41

why did the French turn against the idea of war

Answer 41

900,000 die financial loss routes in maritime ports suffered due to British blockade

Question 42

why did napoleon's military start to fail

Answer 42

mainly of men from empire strategies were no longer a suprise lack of cohesion and less inspired by nationalism

Question 43

how did Napoleon's enemies change

Answer 43

Britain could support long war British sea supremacy 1814- enemies become more united

Question 44

how did nationalism lead to downfall

Answer 44

Spain and Russia become more nationalist after invasion spanish ulcer scorched earth in Russia germany started to resent France

Question 45

what were napoleon's personal failings

Answer 45

ignore the warnings of certain invasions talleyrand and Fouche defected to his enemies devotion to family lead to weakness in the empire lost bond with troops towards 1814 Napoleons health detoriated- he was overweight at battle of waterloo