2: The Self In A Social World Flashcards
(32 cards)
Spotlight effect
Belief that others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior than they really are
Illusion of transparency
Thinking that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others
Self concept
What we know and believe about ourselves
Self schema
Beliefs about self that organization and guide the processing of self relevant information
Possible selves
Images of what we dream or dread becoming in the future
Social comparison
Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions by comparing ourselves with others
Individualism
Concept of giving priority to ones own goals over group goals and defining ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than groups identification
Independent self
Construing ones identity as an autonomous self
Collectivism
Giving priority to the goals of ones group and defining ones identity accordingly (extended fam or work group)
Interdependent self
Construing ones identity in relation to others
Planning fallacy
The tendency to underestimate how long it will take to complete a task
Impact bias
Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion causing events
Immune neglect
Human tendency to underestimate the speed and strength of the “psychological immune system” which enables emotional recovery and resilience after bad things happen
Dual attitude system
Differing implicit and explicit attitudes toward the same object. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with education and persuasion, implicit attitudes change slowly with practice that forms new habit
Self esteem
Persons overall evaluation or sense of self worth
Terror management theory
Proposes that people exhibit self protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality
Self efficacy
Sense that one is competent and effective (not worth, that’s self esteem) sharpshooter in the military might have high self efficacy and low self esteem
Locus of control
Extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside forces
Learned helplessness
Sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human/animal perceived no control over repeated bad events
Self serving bias
Tendency to perceive Oneself favorably
Self serving attributions
From of self serving bias,!tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to other factors
Defensive pessimism
Adaptive value of anticipating problems and harnessing ones anxiety to motivate effective action
False consensus effective
Tendency to overestimate the commonality of ones opinions and ones undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors
False uniqueness effect
Tendency to underestimate the commonality of ones abilities and ones durable or successful behaviors
