20 - cardiovascular system Flashcards
(30 cards)
what is the heart?
a muscular organ who’s primary function is to collect and pump blood around the body.
how many times a day does the heart beat?
approximately 100,000 times a day.
this is equivalent to approximately 1000 litters a day.
what is the normal resting heart rate for preterm?
120-180 BPM
what is the normal resting heart rate for newborn (0-1 month) ?
100-160 BPM
what is the normal resting heart rate for infant (1-12 moths) ?
80-140 BPM
what is the normal resting heart rate for a toddler (1-3 years) ?
80-130 BPM
what is the normal resting heart rate for a preschool (3-5 years) ?
80-110 BPM
what is the normal resting heart rate for school age (6-12 years) ?
70-100 BPM
what is the normal resting heart rate for adolescents (13-18 years) and Adults?
60-100 BPM
what are the four chambers of the heart?
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- left atrium
- left ventricle
what valves are there within the heart?
- tricuspid valve
- bicuspid (mitral) valve
- pulmonary valve
- aortic valve
where is the heart located?
between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm.
what are the three layers of the heart, inside to out?
- epicardium (visceral pericardium).
- the myocardium. responsible for the hearts pumping action.
- the endocardium.
what does the right atrium do?
receives oxygen-depleted blood and empties it into the right ventricle.
what does the right ventricle do?
blood enters the right ventricle from the right atrium and then flows to the lungs for gas exchange.
what does the left atrium do?
oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium.
what does the left ventricle do?
the left atrium empties into the left ventricle.
from here the blood flows out of the heart, through the aorta, into the arteries for systemic circulation to distribute oxygen through the body.
what do the heart valves do?
control the flow of blood through the heart by opening and closing the heart chambers in a coordinated sequence.
what do the tricuspid and mitral valves do?
they facilitate the flow of blood as it moves into the ventricles from the atria.
what do the aortic and pulmonary valves do?
prevent the backflow of blood into the segment it just excited.
what do the valves have that prevent backflow of blood in the wrong direction?
each of the four valves is composed of flaps called leaflets, or cusps, which prevent backflow of blood in the wrong direction.
how does blood leave the heart?
through the pulmonary trunk to enter the pulmonary circulation.
through the aorta to enter the systemic circulation.
how does blood enter the heart?
from the systemic circulation through the superior and inferior venae cavae.
from the pulmonary circulation through the pulmonary veins
what is coronary circulation?
the coronary vessels circulate blood to and from heart tissue.
coronary arteries branch from the ascending aorta to supply the ventricles and atria, the coronary veins drain blood into the right atrium.
