20. Coal combustion

Question 1

where does 29% of nation’s oil and 21% of gas come from

Answer 1

gulf of mexico

Question 2

what ceases the production of oil

Answer 2

hurricanes like katrina and rita

Question 3

what is coal

Answer 3

fossil fuel

Question 4

what is the ultimate source of energy

Answer 4

the sun

Question 5

how is carbon dioxide buried

Answer 5

CO2 is buried as organic material
released back into atmosphere when organic material is burned

Question 6

what is coal consist of

Answer 6

compressed, altered remains of vegetation

Question 7

How is coal formed

Answer 7

Anthracite coal is subjected to high temperatures and pressures to drive off impurities, so it burns more cleanly

Question 8

what type of rock is coal

Answer 8

biochemical rock

Question 9

what are the 3 types of coal

Answer 9

Peat ( toppest layer 50m )
Bituminous coal with 50% carbon inside lignite
Anthracite

Question 10

what does burning coal release

Answer 10

carbon
water
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulfur
impurities

Question 11

what type of reaction occurs with burning coal

Answer 11

combustion reaction

Question 12

what is a combustion reaction

Answer 12

hydrocarbon + oxygen
releases lots of energy in form of light and heat
always produces CO2 and H2O

Question 13

combustion of methane equation

Answer 13

CH4+ 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O

Question 14

combustion of propane equation

Answer 14

C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O

Question 15

what type of chemical reaction is combustion

Answer 15

exothermic - releases energy as it releases light and heat

Question 16

how is coal processed

Answer 16

Coal
Pulveriser mill
Boiler with ash systems
water purification
condenser
steam turbine generator
substation/transformer
electricity

Question 17

why is O2 needed for combustion

Answer 17

Wihtout proper oxygen, so in a closed environemnet without proper ventilation, forms carbon monoxide

Question 18

what is reaction equation of carbon monoxide formation

Answer 18

C3H8 + 3.5 O2 -> 3CO +4H2O

Question 19

describe carbon monoxide

Answer 19

colourless
odourless
very poisonous

Question 20

how does carbon monoxide affect us

Answer 20

Breathing it in, it takes the place of O2 in hemoglobin in the blood supply of lungs, and enters tissue
causing asphyxiation

Question 21

what is asphyxiation

Answer 21

deprived of air, suffocation

Question 22

what is main by- product of coal combustion

Answer 22

CO2 is main product
44g for every 12g of carbon burnt

Question 23

what does CO2 in air form

Answer 23

Acid rain
Biggest contributor to mercury in environment

Question 24

what is acid rain made of

Answer 24

sulfur dioxide

Question 25

where is the 3rd largest state owned coal mining site

Answer 25

China, Datong coal mining group owns it

Question 26

where is Datong Coal Mining Group mine? which province?

Answer 26

Datong city, second largest city in ShanXi province

Question 27

what proportion of global CO2 emissions in china likely responsible for

Answer 27

1/5

Question 28

in china, concerns about environment are overshadowed by..?

Answer 28

jobs and income created by the coal mining industry

Question 29

how much of china's electricity is coal powered

Answer 29

1/3

Question 30

how much of china's electrcity comes from solar

Answer 30

2%

Question 31

how much of china's electrcity comes from wind

Answer 31

3%

Question 32

what is the domestic use of coal for cooking

Answer 32

primary fuel in rural area cooking people dry their corn and chillis directly over burning coals

Question 33

some coals with higher level of toxic elements have what in it

Answer 33

arsenic, fluorine, mercury and thalium

Question 34

Arsenic poisoning Casualties, symptoms and cause

Answer 34

at least 3000 in Guizhou Province Hyperpigmentation, black skin lesion, cancer drying chili peppers over coal burning stoves

Question 35

how much arsenic is from cooking

Answer 35

fresh chili peppers : 1ppm dried over fire: 500 ppm kitchen dust in home : 3000 ppm

Question 36

how much arsenic does coal in china have and in comparison to US

Answer 36

35000 ppm vs 22 ppm

Question 37

Flurorine poisoning Casualties, symptoms and cause

Answer 37

More than 10 million people in Guizhou province mottling of tooth enamel, limited joint movement, osteosclerosis, bow legs, spinal curvature 97% from food consumption: corn dried over fluorine rich coal fires

Question 38

where is coal production largely in the US

Answer 38

Appalachians ( poorest region in US ) - in virginia ( WEST ) and kentucky

Question 39

who rules central appalachians

Answer 39

absentee landowners interested in high profits made in extracting gold here

Question 40

why did coal industry choose apalachians

Answer 40

Poor area, people would do any job for money created single-industry economies to exert absolute control over people

Question 41

what problems does appalachia share

Answer 41

rural povery inadequate jobs services transportation education infrastructure

Question 42

how many percent of central appalachia did not graduate from HS

Answer 42

57%

Question 43

how many percent of appalachia adults are illiterate

Answer 43

30%

Question 44

how many percent of land do residents own in appalachian

Answer 44

99% control less than half their land sold rights of land to mining and timber companies

Question 45

what is a form of surface coal mining in Appalachia, how do they do it?

Answer 45

Moutaintop removal 800-1000 feet of mpuntaintops Deforestation caused by blasting excess soil and rock is expanded by 15-20% due to air incorporation and voids dumped into nearby streams

Question 46

what is the process called where excess soil is dumped into nearby streams

Answer 46

valley fill

Question 47

what does mountaintop mining and valley fills do

Answer 47

change landscapes drastically fragmentation of forests conversion of habitats loss of tracts and forested areas

Question 48

mountaintop removal health effects

Answer 48

cardiovascular disease lung cancer COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) birth heart defects go up by 181% here high risk of depression psychological stress

Question 49

why does mountaintop removal cause health effects

Answer 49

contamination of water and land - increased salinity, metals, magnesium and sulfates in the watersheds - 63% of stream beds are impaired due to toxicity

Question 50

why is mountaint top removal used

Answer 50

remove top to expose coal seams flat landscape created alberta doesn't use this