20 Higher Mental Functions

Question 0

What are the Three Motor Cortexes?

F, F, MM

Answer 0

Pre FRONTAL, Field eye fields, Association motor cortex, Primary Motor cortex

Question 1

Name the three sensory Cortex areas?

S V A

Answer 1

Somatosensory (Touch), Visual and Auditory

Question 2

What is the role of the Cortical Association Cortexes?

Answer 2

Receive input from sensory and pass it to motor cortex via Nuclei

Question 3

Name four cortical association area?

IT PP FD OF

Answer 3

1. Inferotemporal AA
2. Posterior ParietalAA
3. Frontal dorsolateral AA
4. Oribitofrontal AA

Question 4

What area is Primary Visual Cortex?

Answer 4

area 17

Question 5

What area is the Visual ASSOCIATION CORTEX?

Answer 5

18 AND 19 but not called V2 3 4

Question 6

What types of cells in the retina are associated with vision?

Answer 6

Ganglion cells

Question 7

What type of receptive fields do Ganglion cells in the retina have?

Answer 7

circular receptive fields

Question 8

Describe the structures of the ganglion cells in the retina?

Answer 8

1/2 - On centre off surround

1/2 Off centre on surround

Question 9

When do action potentials fire and not fire in the ganglion cells in the retina?

Answer 9

Excitory centre - on centre- fire when LIGHT HITS

Inhibitory centre - off centre - reduce fire when light hits

Question 10

What shape of stimuli do ganglion cells respond to?

Answer 10

Respond to Bar/Edge Stimuli despite haveing circular recpetive fields

Question 11

What type of receptive fields do Visual cortex cells have? (Diff to retina ganglion cells)

Answer 11

Simple

Question 12

What is the function of the Inferotemporal association cortex?

Answer 12

Allows recognition of and item in different orientation

Question 13

How does the Inferotemporal AC work?

GRANDMOTHER CELLS

Answer 13

Cells for shape size colour are SIMULTANEOSULY activated which travel along hierarchy to reach the answer

Question 14

What is the function of the posterior parietal cortex?

dog

Answer 14

Separate background from the object

Question 15

How does the posterior parietal cortex work?

ACTIVE PERCEPTION

Answer 15

Preconcsiously compare image to a perceptual model in our memory - if matches - goes to our conscious thought
if not we can identify the object/make sense of image

Question 16

Which sensory cortex does the Inferotemporal and post pariteal AC receive input from?

Answer 16

Primary Visual Cortex

Question 17

Via what nucleas does the Primary Visual cortex send info to the

1. Inferotemporal AC
2. Posterior pariteal AC

Answer 17

1. Inferior Longitudinal fascicules

2. Superior Longitudinal fascicles

Question 18

Via what Nuclei does retina send info to the occipital/visual cortex?

Answer 18

Lateral Geninucleate nucleas

Question 19

Define Aphasia

Answer 19

Language/Speech impairment

Question 20

Define Agnosia

Answer 20

Knowledge impairment

Question 21

Define Apraxia

Answer 21

Phsyical movement

Question 22

Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Piece meal perception

Answer 22

Only see one thing at a time

Question 23

Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Constructional Apraxia

Answer 23

Cant rebuild same thing/copy LEGGOS

Question 24

Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Oculomotor Apraxia

Answer 24

Cant reach/grab objects

Question 25

Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Discalculia (related to piece meal perception)

Answer 25

Cant count

Question 26

Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Controlateral Disregard

Answer 26

Cant see half of the world

Question 27

Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Controlateral Disregard Explain which half of the world can be seen

Answer 27

PPC is on both left and right side of brain | Damade to L PPC you cant see anything in RIGHT VISUAL FIELD

Question 28

What is Balints syndrome (Rare)

Answer 28

Cant see broadly but can see little detail - bump into things

Question 29

Damadge to the left side of the brain results in what impairment?

Answer 29

Naming objects

Question 30

Damage to the Inferotemporal AC results in what?

Answer 30

Agnosia - Knowledge impairment

Question 31

Damage to the Inferotemporal AC results in what in relation to DISEASE?

Answer 31

Alzeihmer's - LONG TERM RECALL | Memory is NOT STORED here but need it to access it (Door not the room

Question 32

What is the dorsolateral frontal A C function? :) Happy*

Answer 32

Future planning and decision making *Cant plan future SHORT TERM MEMORY

Question 33

Name the AC involved in 1. Short term memory 2. Long term

Answer 33

1. Dorso lateral frontal cortex | 2. Inferotemporal Cortex

Question 34

How do you diagnose doroslateral frontal AC damadge?

Answer 34

Wisconsin card sorting and Digit Span test (Say numbers and ask to repeat - unable to) Take proverbs literally

Question 35

Damadge to the dorso lateral frontal AC results in what?

Answer 35

Inabilty to focus/ lack of attention

Question 36

What is the function of the orbitofrontal Associtation Cortex?

Answer 36

Change plans according to circumstance (Emotional)