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function of CNS and endocrine > 20 Pharmacy Issues in Pregnancy > Flashcards

20 Pharmacy Issues in Pregnancy Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

what is the start of preganacy calculated from

A

the 1st day of the last menstrual period

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2
Q

what is the conception date

A

might be the day sex occurred or some days later as sperm can live up to 5 days

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3
Q

when is a blastocyst formed

A

0-16 days after conception

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4
Q

what does organogenesis take place

A

day 17-60 of pregnancy

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5
Q

what is organogenesis

A
  • cell division
  • migration
  • differentiation
  • cell death
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6
Q

when does histogenesis and functional maturation happen

A

days 61 to full term

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7
Q

how long is the average pregnancy

A

280 days/40 weeks but can get survival at 22 weeks

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8
Q

does maternal weight increase

A

yes (11-14kg)

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9
Q

does blood volume, uterine and breast size increase in 1st T

A

yes

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10
Q

does deposition of fat stores increase in 2nd T

A

yes

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11
Q

is there foetal and placental growth in the 3rd T

A

yes

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12
Q

does HR increase during pregnancy

A

yes

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13
Q

does BP increase or decrease during pregnancy

A

decrease

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14
Q

does gastric acid secretion increase or decrease

A

decrease

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15
Q

does gastric emptying increase or decrease

A

decrease

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16
Q

does bladder capacity increase or decrease

A

decrease

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17
Q

does urinary control increase or decrease

A

decrease

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18
Q

functions of placenta

A
  • respiratory function (gas exchange)
  • excretory function (maintain water and pH balance)
  • resorptive function (like GI)
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19
Q

does the placenta act as a barrier

A

yes

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20
Q

what drugs can pass through placenta

A

lipid soluble with low Mwt

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21
Q

what is transfer across placenta determined by

A

concentration gradient between foetal and maternal circulation

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22
Q

what does the quantity of drug reaching the foetus depend on

A
  • physiochemical characteristics
  • maternal pharmacokinetic parameters
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23
Q

what is high placental transfer

A

the drug crosses rapidly, at equilibrium foetal conc close to maternal pharmacological concentration

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24
Q

what is limited placental transfer

Study These Flashcards
A

foetal conc is lower than maternal conc

25
what is excess placental transfer
foetal concentration is higher than maternal (limited retro-passage to maternal circulation)
26
do some compounds not cross the placenta at all
yes eg pituitary hormones etc
27
what percentage of people experience nausea and vomiting
70-80%
28
when does nausea and vomiting usually occur
4-8 weeks gestation -- rarely after 16 weeks
29
what is the severe form of nausea and vomiting
hyperemesis gravidarum
30
what causes nausea and vomiting
- hormonal - neurological - physical factors increase in hCG, decreased gastric emptying
31
how to treat nausea and vomiting
anti emetics --- usually POMs so should refer to GP
32
what causes constipation
- decrease in motility of smooth muscle - increase in progesterone food passes through GIT slower - decreased activity
33
treatment of constipation
laxatives (osmotic or bulk forming not stimulant)
34
what causes haemorrhoids
- enlarging uterus exerts pressure - increase blood volume leads to venous dilation and engorgement
35
treatment of haemorrhoids
- laxatives - haemorrhoid cream/oinment
36
what can cause indigestion
slowing of peristalsis caused by progesterone
37
when does indigestion usually occur
3rd trimester
38
non drug treatment of indigestion
- eating smaller more frequent meals - elevation on top of bed - avoid certain foods
39
drug treatment of indigestion
antacids
40
what is thrush
a fungal infection caused by Candida albicans
41
what causes thrush
hormonal changes during pregnancy as the vaginal environment is altered
42
treatment of thrush
- topical agents eg clotrimazole - natural yoghurt REFER to GP as they can give oral treatment
43
what causes UTIs in pregnancy
foetus puts pressure on bladder and urinary tact --- traps bacteria or causes urine to leak
44
how to treat UTI
REFER --- doctor will usually give antibiotic
45
what can anaemia cause on baby
- anaemia during infancy - spontaneous abortion - premature delivery - LBW
46
treatment for anaemia
iron supplements --- usually 200mg FeSO4
47
what is a teratogen
a substance, organism or process that causes malformation in a foetus
48
do the effects of teratogens correspond to stages of foetal development
yes -- most influence on oranogenesis stage
49
when does organ formation occur
in the first three months of pregnancy
50
when do teratogens cause structural defects
first three months
51
what effects do teratogens cause from 3 months onwards
growth defects
52
what is class A of drug in pregnancy
drug is well studies and poses no threat to a developing baby
53
what is class B of drug in pregnancy
drug is less studies but still prob low risk
54
what is class C of drug in pregnancy
drug hasn't been studied so risk is unknown
55
what is class D of drug in pregnancy
studies based on animal or human data, may pose risk
56
what is class X of drug in pregnancy
drug causes birth defects or theres no benefit for use during pregnancy. NOT recommended
57
should you breast feed before or after taking medication
before
58
what type of drugs diffuse into breast milk
lipid soluble due to high fat content of milk

function of CNS and endocrine (29 decks)

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