22 Contraception

Question 1

what is contraception

Answer 1

the deliberate use of artificial methods or other techniques to prevent pregnancy

Question 2

number of pregnancies a year per 100 women with no contraceptive and with a condom

Answer 2

no contraceptive = 50-80
condom = 4-28

Question 3

what do barrier methods prevent as well as pregnancy

Answer 3

spread of STIs

Question 4

how do female condoms work

Answer 4

theyre inserted into the vagina

Question 5

how do condoms work

Answer 5

theyre made of very thin latex and cover the penis to stop skin to skin contact and sperm entering the vagina

Question 6

what is in the combined pill

Answer 6

eostrogen and progesterone

Question 7

how to use combined pill

Answer 7

take daily for three weeks and then have a seven day break

Question 8

what is the progesterone only pill and how to use it

Answer 8

only progesterone

taken every day with no break

Question 9

what is the contraceptive vaginal ring

Answer 9

a ring that goes into the vagina and releases oestrogen and progesterone into blood to prevent pregnancy by controlling fertility

Question 10

how to use vaginal ring

Answer 10

gets replaced every 4 weeks. worn for 3 weeks then a week off

Question 11

what is the contraceptive patch

Answer 11

a 5x5 beige patch, applied like a plaster

Question 12

how does contraceptive patch work

Answer 12

releases oestrogen and progesterone through th skin, prevents pregnancy by controlling fertility

Question 13

how to use patch

Answer 13

replace once a week for three weeks then one week off

Question 14

what is the implant

Answer 14

rod of plastic inserted into upper arm that releases progesterone to prevent pregnancy

Question 15

how long does implant last

Answer 15

3 years

Question 16

how does the contraceptive injection work

Answer 16

releases progesterone which works to control fertility

Question 17

how to use injection

Answer 17

injection every 8,12 or 23 weeks

Question 18

what is the IUS

Answer 18

a small T shaped plastic device that contains the hormone progesterone to control fertility

must be fitted by nurse/doctor

Question 19

how long does the IUS last

Answer 19

3-5 years

Question 20

what is the IUD

Answer 20

similar to IUS but releases copper instead of hormones to stop fertilised egg implanting

only form of LARC contraception that’s non hormonal

Question 21

how long does the IUD last

Answer 21

5-10 years

Question 22

dose of the combined pill

Answer 22

30mcg ethinyloestradiol (oestrogen)
150mcg levonorgestrel (progestogen)

Question 23

what does the combined pill do

Answer 23

• inhibit ovulation
• thinks endometrium
• thickens cervical mucus

Question 24

dose of progestogen only pill

Answer 24

75mcg desogestrel or 350mcg norethisterone

Question 25

what do progestogen only pills do

Answer 25

- thin endometrium - thickens cervical mucus

Question 26

do most women ovulate on the progestogen only pill

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

progestogen injection dose

Answer 27

150mg intramuscular every 12 weeks

Question 28

progestogen implant dose

Answer 28

10s of mcg released per day over 3 years

Question 29

causes of contraceptive failure

Answer 29

- patient failure (common) - method failure (rare) - vomiting/diarrhoea - drug interactions

Question 30

can copper IUD be used as emergency contraception

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

how does copper IUD work as contraception

Answer 31

- copper acts as a spermicide - creates a local inflammatory reaction - prevent the sperms to reach and fertilise the egg

Question 32

does the IUD prevent ovulation

Answer 32

no

Question 33

is IUD effective immediately after insertion

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

does the inflammatory response caused by the IUD have and anti implantation effect

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

oral emergency contraceptive

Answer 35

levonorgestrel 1.5mg tablet ulipristal 30mg tablet

Question 36

how does oral EHC work

Answer 36

delays/prevents ovulation and fertilisation by altering the tubal transport of sperm/ova and discourages implantation

Question 37

what are the Fraser guidelines

Answer 37

professionals can give contraceptive advice and treatment to under 16s without parent knowledge and consent as long as they were satisfied with: - understanding -maturity - risk of repeat incident - physical and mental wellbeing - patients best interest

Question 38

what to consider before supplying contraceptive

Answer 38

- duration since unprotected sex (3-5 days) - is client present in pharmacy - is client 13+ - other meds - other medical conditions - nature of emergency

Question 39

points to consider after supply

Answer 39

- if vomiting occurs within 2 hours take another dose - can impact cycle - recommend condoms - chlamydia tests