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Las Cruces Fire Dept Standard Operating Guidelines > 200 Series- Fireground Operations > Flashcards

200 Series- Fireground Operations Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

SOG number for Fireground Operations General

A

201.0

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2
Q

Purpose of fireground operations general SOG

A

Establish an operating procedure that provides a consistent, effective, and safe approach to structure fireground operations

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3
Q

Additional Line

A

The assignment of an attack line to supplement fire attack

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4
Q

Anti ventilation

A

Practice of controlling flow paths in an effort to limit the amount of air a fire receives

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5
Q

Back up

A

Assignment of additional personnel to supplement a fire attack crew to assist with getting their hose line operating

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6
Q

Door control

A

The practice of ensuring the door(s) to the fire area(s) are controlled and closed as much as possible during initial fire attack

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7
Q

Flow Path

A

Movement of heat, smoke, and fire gasses from the higher pressure areas of the fire, towards the lower pressure areas by the openings such as doors, windows, and roof structures

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8
Q

Knock down

A

Term used by the interior attack crew to indicate adequate suppression at the seat of the fire, creating favorable conditions for ventilation and the elimination of door control

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9
Q

Quick hit

A

The application of water from an exterior position

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10
Q

Reset the fire

A

Term used to notify crews that the exterior application of water has reduced temperatures inside a structure and interior operations cane be initiated

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11
Q

Risk/ Benefit Analysis

A

The calculated evaluation of a structure that is being affected by fire in order to determine current, and forecast future, fire conditions based on elapsed time and future fire progression by taking into consideration:

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12
Q

Components of Risk/Benefit Analysis

A
  1. Fire conditions compared to survivability of fire victims
  2. How fire conditions are undermining structural integrity of the building
  3. How fire conditions are/will affect access and egress
  4. How resources on scene match up to fire conditions and tactical needs (current and future)
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13
Q

Risk/Benefit Model

A

We will risk our lives a lot, in a calculated manner, to save salable lives

We will risk our lives a little, in a calculated manner, to save savable property

We will not risk our lives at all for lives or property that are already lost

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14
Q

Ventilation Limited

A

Occurs at fires when oxygen levels inside a structure are depleted. The addition of air though ventilation openings will cause a rapid growth of fire conditions without water and the control of ventilation

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15
Q

Working Fire Notification

A

A single request to MVRDA for the activation of Battalion 2, on call PIO and On Call Fire Investigator. Only to be used when all three resources are needed.

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16
Q

Standard Company Functions

ENGINE

A 
Rescue
Water Supply
Fire Attack
Anti-Ventilation
Back Up
Rapid Intervention
Overhaul
Secure Utilities
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17
Q

Standard Company Functions

TRUCK ( INSIDE)

A 
Search
Rescue
Ventilation/ Anti-ventilation 
Back-up
Salvage
Overhaul
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18
Q

Standard Company Functions

TRUCK (OUTSIDE)

A 
Ventilation/Anti-Ventilation
Outside Rescue
Back-up
Egress
Aerial Operations
Overhaul
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19
Q

1st due Engine Procedure

A 
Establish Command
Communicate Status of Water Supply
Size up scene
     Transmit initial report (BIR)
     Follow up ( strategic views, 360,changes, safety issues)

Locate the Fire
Identify and control flow paths ( door control)
Cool the fire from safest location
Transmit reset fire or knockdown

Extinguish the fire in the most direct manner
Transmit benchmark fire under control
*(check extension prior to under control)

Rescue (action of opportunity)
Transmit priority traffic

Salvage (action of opportunity)

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20
Q

1st Due truck company procedure

A 
Size up
Coordinate operations w/ engine co.
Forcible entry
Door control
Search
    Transmit benchmark primary search all clear

Ventilation/ anti-ventilation
Extension checks
Overhaul

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21
Q

Response chief response procedure

A

Assume command and establish stationary command post

Verify operating positions match incident conditions

Confirm position and function of all companies
Transmit transfer of command

Resource determination
Ongoing risk/benefit analysis
(Do conditions match strategy)

Establish on deck tactical reserve

Working fire notification or individual resources

Communicate benchmarks to central

Address recycle/rehab needs

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22
Q

Fireground support (later companies)

A 
RIC
Safety
Support
Additional Lines
Additional Manpower
Water Supply
Utilities
Salvage
Overhaul
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23
Q

Search and Rescue SOG number and purpose

A

201.1

Life safety is most important of 3 tactical priorities and includes all activities recruited to protect occupants, remove those who are threatened and treat the injured. Search and rescue are critical components of that tactical priority and are the keys to assuring the success of that tactic

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24
Q

VEIS

A

Vent, Enter, Isolate, Search

A targeted search performed by gaining access to a room from an exterior position in order to carry out a primary search. VEIS is conducted without the protection of a hose line and is usually conducted away from the initial area of fire attack.

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25
Critical Factors for Search Size up
Fire stage- tenability for victims and potential victims Effect of fire on building- is building safe to enter Effect of the fire on victims- savable vs already lost Fire victims number, location, mobility Time of day Availability of on scene resources
26
Life safety decisions to make during search and rescue
Remove victims from fire or Remove fire from victims or Use combination of the two
27
Order of victim rescue priority
1. Most severely threatened 2. Larger number ( groups) 3. Remainder of the fire area 4. Exposed areas
28
Search Crew or Group, Procedure
Ascertain potential victim information ( location, age, mobility) When no victim information is available, search will be extended in the following order 1. Closest to fire 2. Bedroom/ sleeping areas 3. Egress paths Consider VEIS, communicate to command if VEIS is to be performed Communicate fire location to fire attack crews
29
Fire attack crews or groups search procedure
Attack lines to control fire Control interior access(stairs, halls, lobbies) Confine fire Protect avenues of egress Search areas that search crew was unable to access due to proximity to the fire area
30
What are critical fireground factors? Define
Standard list of basic items IC must consider in the evaluation of tactical situations. Providers IC w/ checklist of the basic terms that are involve in size-up, decision-making, initiating action, review and revision of the fireground.
31
List of Critical Fireground Factors
The Building Size, construction, roof, age, value, condition, interior arrangement The Fire Size, extent, stage, time of involvement, materials, direction of travel The occupancy Type/group, fire load, status, contents The life hazards Number, location, condition of occupants, extent of fire, resources needed for search and rescue, risk/benefit model The arrangement Access, exposures, value of exposures, direction fire is moving, obstructions Resources Number of capabilities of personnel, equipment, water, external resources Fire protection systems Standpipe, sprinklers, FDC, fire walls, fire alarms, and ventilation systems Other factors and conditions Time of day, day of week, season, weather, traffic, special hazards due to holidays or special events
32
When will fireground strategy be chosen?
After evaluating risk/benefit model and critical fireground factors
33
Define offensive strategy
IC has determined benefit outweighs risk. Tactics are performed within the hazard zone and are directed towards meeting incident priorities. Tactics should focus on quickly bringing the fire under control and conducting primary search.
34
Define defensive strategy
The IC has determined the risk outweighs the benefit. Tactics are performed outside of the hazard zone and are directed towards meeting incident priorities. Tactics should focus on protecting the exposures or managing fire extension, confining the fire, and bringing the fire under control
35
3 incident priorities in order
Life Safety Incident Stabilization Property Conservation
36
Life Safety
Consider the number, location, and condition of the victims Consider the effect fire has on the victims Evaluate the ability of available resources to mitigate the problem Conduct a primary and secondary search in all involve and exposed occupancies Benchmarks Primary search all clear and Secondary search all clear
37
Incident Stabilization
A critical command decision, both initial and ongoing, relates to the offensive or defensive strategic modes The IC should consider the most probably direction of fire extension, particularly as it effects rescue, confinement, and exposure protection and allocate resources based upon this evaluation Initial attack efforts should be direct toward: Offensive- Control of Fire and support primary search Defensive- protecting exposures and controlling fire spread Benchmark Fire under control Extinguishment of main body of fire Evaluate the six sides of fire area for extending
38
Property Conservation
Evaluate Damage to fire area Evaluate the salvage value of various areas Commit resources to loss control functions Benchmark Loss stopped
39
3 types of horizontal ventilation
Natural/wind/hydraulic Small areas, short term, can be used with other methods ``` PPV Caution used if attic fire, uncontrolled or hidden Cover entire opening Maximized entry/egress Keep egress clear of smoke Can be used to isolate exposure ``` NPV(negative pressure) Establish opening opposite fan Opening sealed around fan
40
Vertical Ventilation
Minimize personnel on roof Close to or directly over the fire Consider trench cut to isolate fire No water flow down ventilation holes No operation on Spanish tiles that have been exposed to fire conditions Exhaust all other forms of ventilation prior to roof ventilation on Spanish tile. Benefit must outweigh risk drastically
41
Objectives of Loss Control
Seek out extinguish all remaining fire Control Loss Stabilize the incident scene Preserve evidence to include contacting prevention services personnel early in the incident Secure the fire scene in preparation to turn over the proper authority
42
What should be addressed during overhaul operations?
Insure overhaul is conducted safely Insure all fire is extinguished During rehab breaks of fire crews, insure at least 2 firefighters remain in the fire area to detect any possible hidden fire and re-ignition Use early and continuing positive pressure ventilation to maintain an acceptable working environment and reduce loss. (Use caution with PPV fans gas powered, can introduce CO into buildings at high levels) Meet with the property owner or occupant concerning overhaul operations Closely coordinate overhaul with fire investigators
43
______ and ______ should be primary concerns when performing overhaul operations
Replacement price, value
44
When appropriate turn off the ______ system in the building during overhaul.
Ventilation
45
How to prevent water damage
Use foam so less water is needed Be accurate with stream during attack Block up legs of wooden furniture during salvage and over haul Cover furniture Punch holes in gypsum to drain attic if needed
46
Commercial Dumpster
Metal dumpsters 1-8 cubic yards in size
47
Residential dumpster
96 gallon trash container made of heavy plastic
48
Roll off dumpster
Large open top metal dumpster 10-30 cubic yards
49
Refuse
Disposed of products with no value as it pertains to the risk/benefit model
50
Response type to dumpster fires
Code 1 unless life or property is threatened. Use dispatch info to determine if upgrade response is necessary
51
Dumpster fire PPE
Full PPE including SCBA
52
If dumpster is attached to compactor unit
Deploy additional crew interior to protect spread into structure
53
If gas clouds, colored smoke encountered during dumpster fire
Back away, call HMRT for air monitoring and technical assistance
54
Any substantial fire involving any _____ or _____ or more areas of a passenger vehicle will typically _____ the vehicle beyond repair. Risk/benefit analysis should consider the vehicle a _______ ______.
Compartment, two, damage, total loss
55
Vehicle fire response size up on dispatch
Highway/ hazardous traffic Ensure law enforcement Result of collision Consider passenger entrapment ``` Exposures Structure- upgrade alarm Vehicles- upgrade alarm Debris- as needed Vegetation- as needed ```
56
Vehicle fire size up on arrival
Scene elements Wind direction, topography, traffic, on lookers Vehicle elements Open flames, vehicle occupied, vehicle age, location of fire, resource determination
57
Vehicle fire apparatus placement
Uphill, upwind, out of vehicles path Use apparatus to protect scene, consider taking additional lanes if needed
58
PPE for vehicle fire
Full PPE including SCBA shall be worn from fire attack through overhaul
59
Vehicle Fire Attack
Minimum 1 3/4 diameter hose w/ fog nozzle Approach diagonally opposite of fire or from front if fully involved 1. Knock down body from distance 2. Sweep ground under vehicle 3. Cool body of vehicle 4. Cool fuel tank 5. Cool tires 6. Cool hood, trunk, and bumper struts 7. Cool engine 8. NEVER PHYSICALLY ENTER COMPARTMENT
60
Getting water under hood in vehicle fire
1. Pry of cut open 2. Only large enough to get water stream in 3. Use compartmentation to: Restrict air Promote steam conversion Reduce magnesium splatter
61
Special considerations for vehicle fires
``` LPG/LNG tanks Hybrid high voltage Energy absorbing bumpers Batteries Combustible Metals Trunk/Engine struts Fires involving the trunk/cargo area (unknown cargo) Fuel Tanks Vehicle Stability Air Bags ```
62
When does the high rise SOG apply?
In buildings 3 stories or greater
63
1st due engine at High rise
Size up Special consideration to time of day, access, weather(wind speed, wind direction, and ventilation openings) Establish command and implement ICS Secure water supply and supply the standpipe system or deploy hose lines for interior operations Evaluate and request additional resources if needed Establish civilian exit corridors and firefighting ingress/egress corridors Attempt to verify actual fire extend and location
64
1st due truck at high rise fire
Size up and determine need for aerial placement Position apparatus outside of collapse zone if possible Coordinate with interior crews if established Rescue occupants in immediate danger ( consider shelter in place if appropriate) Ventilation
65
2nd due engine high rise
Secure second water source and support sprinkler system if appropriate
66
2nd due truck company
Determine need for aerial placement (outside of collapse zone)
67
High rise support (later companies)
``` RIC Safety Additional lines Rehab and staging (two floors down) Evac control and accountability Ventilation Loss control Additional manpower ```
68
Only person on scene that can work independently. ( not two man team)
Incident safety officer
69
Failure to present a _______ will result in personnel being denied _____ to, or being ______ from, incident operations until such is presented.
PASSPORT, entry, removed
70
When should IC call for PAR
At any strategy change At regular timed intervals no greater than 20 minutes At benchmarks, may be varied dependent on proximity of benchmarks to each other When emergency or mayday traffic is initiated For any sudden hazardous or catastrophic event
71
If there is a discrepancy of personnel number during PAR...
A recount of that assignment will be requested
72
If recount of par verifies discrepancy....
Names will be given to identify missing person
73
Once a specific name is identified... If no response....
A par directly to that person will be requested. IC shall immediately initiate actions to search for and rescue missing firefighter
74
The results of _____ shall be communities to _____ _____ for logging purposes.
PAR, Central Dispatch
75
First arriving company at MVA | Officer Duties
``` Give BIR Assume command Conduct outer circle survey Hazard assessment Pt. Assessment Needs assessment Assign incoming resources as need Based on EMS licensure may be assigned pt care as needed Refer to MCI protocol if 5 or more pt. ```
76
First Arriving Company MVA | Driver/Operator Duties
Position apparatus to protect scene and firefighters and allow access to equipment If extrication is required, move equipment to staging area Based on EMS licensure, may be assigned to PT care Provide CAN to command If level 3 pt identified, set up salvage cover as designated safe location
77
First arriving company MVA | Hydrant/Vent Duties
Inner circle on first vehicle Hazard assessment Patient assessment Needs assessment Provide can to command
78
First arriving company to MVA | Nozzle/Irons
Inner circle on second vehicle Hazard assessment Pt assessment Needs assessment If only one vehicle wait and assist as need Provide can to command
79
At MVA, if level 3 pt under 18 yoa
Assign at least 1 person to assure they remain in safe location while higher level care/extrication is occurring. Law enforcement is first preference for this task.
80
What is relayed to Chief officer on arrival to MVA?
How many pt in each vehicle and total number of pt. Level of injuries and count of each Which vehicles have pt Needs Plan, IAP
81
PPE need for extrication
Full PPE, no SCBA, goggles
82
Fire potential at MVA
1 3/4 line deployed, manned. D/O at pump. If no fire danger present, fire extinguisher placed in tool staging area
83
Safety Vest usage at MVA
Must be worn unless actively fighting fire. Once firefight is complete, vests are donned.
84
Ambulance crew personnel at MVA
Not to enter vehicle unless PPE donned and IC permission granted.
85
What groups can or should be initiated if needed at MVA
``` Extrication Group Hazard/ Fire control group Triage/ Treatment group Transport group Helicopter LZ group Police group ```
86
1st arriving unit at Active shooter/ hostile incident
Identify staging for all incoming units. Monitor PD radio while responding
87
Later arriving units at Active shooter/hostile incident
Later units will report to staging. Treatment supervisor will be assigned. Squad shall be available primarily for transport
88
What does an RTF team consist of?
2 law enforcement officers | 2-4 firefighters
89
Examples of situations that require investigator call out
1. Any incident involving explosive or incendiary device regardless of dollar loss 2. Undetermined cause or suspicious origin 3. Loss of life or serious life threatening injuries. I.e. smoke inhalation, burns 4. Any accidental fire that results in either structural, content, or combined damage of 10000 dollars or more 5. Brush and dumpster fires were specific suspect information is available 6. Numerous fires reported at same location 7. Photographs needed to document scene 8. Known that insurance companies will be involved or claims will by filed by owner
90
Estimated property damage by floor area
70. 00 per sqft in burned floor area 35. 00 per sqft for property contents located in burned floor area 25. 00 per sqft for smoke damage throughout structure.

Las Cruces Fire Dept Standard Operating Guidelines (2 decks)

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