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Las Cruces Fire Dept Standard Operating Guidelines > 200 Series- Fireground Operations > Flashcards

200 Series- Fireground Operations Flashcards

1
Q

SOG number for Fireground Operations General

A

201.0

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2
Q

Purpose of fireground operations general SOG

A

Establish an operating procedure that provides a consistent, effective, and safe approach to structure fireground operations

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3
Q

Additional Line

A

The assignment of an attack line to supplement fire attack

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4
Q

Anti ventilation

A

Practice of controlling flow paths in an effort to limit the amount of air a fire receives

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5
Q

Back up

A

Assignment of additional personnel to supplement a fire attack crew to assist with getting their hose line operating

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6
Q

Door control

A

The practice of ensuring the door(s) to the fire area(s) are controlled and closed as much as possible during initial fire attack

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7
Q

Flow Path

A

Movement of heat, smoke, and fire gasses from the higher pressure areas of the fire, towards the lower pressure areas by the openings such as doors, windows, and roof structures

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8
Q

Knock down

A

Term used by the interior attack crew to indicate adequate suppression at the seat of the fire, creating favorable conditions for ventilation and the elimination of door control

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9
Q

Quick hit

A

The application of water from an exterior position

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10
Q

Reset the fire

A

Term used to notify crews that the exterior application of water has reduced temperatures inside a structure and interior operations cane be initiated

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11
Q

Risk/ Benefit Analysis

A

The calculated evaluation of a structure that is being affected by fire in order to determine current, and forecast future, fire conditions based on elapsed time and future fire progression by taking into consideration:

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12
Q

Components of Risk/Benefit Analysis

A
  1. Fire conditions compared to survivability of fire victims
  2. How fire conditions are undermining structural integrity of the building
  3. How fire conditions are/will affect access and egress
  4. How resources on scene match up to fire conditions and tactical needs (current and future)
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13
Q

Risk/Benefit Model

A

We will risk our lives a lot, in a calculated manner, to save salable lives

We will risk our lives a little, in a calculated manner, to save savable property

We will not risk our lives at all for lives or property that are already lost

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14
Q

Ventilation Limited

A

Occurs at fires when oxygen levels inside a structure are depleted. The addition of air though ventilation openings will cause a rapid growth of fire conditions without water and the control of ventilation

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15
Q

Working Fire Notification

A

A single request to MVRDA for the activation of Battalion 2, on call PIO and On Call Fire Investigator. Only to be used when all three resources are needed.

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16
Q

Standard Company Functions

ENGINE

A 
Rescue
Water Supply
Fire Attack
Anti-Ventilation
Back Up
Rapid Intervention
Overhaul
Secure Utilities
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17
Q

Standard Company Functions

TRUCK ( INSIDE)

A 
Search
Rescue
Ventilation/ Anti-ventilation 
Back-up
Salvage
Overhaul
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18
Q

Standard Company Functions

TRUCK (OUTSIDE)

A 
Ventilation/Anti-Ventilation
Outside Rescue
Back-up
Egress
Aerial Operations
Overhaul
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19
Q

1st due Engine Procedure

A 
Establish Command
Communicate Status of Water Supply
Size up scene
     Transmit initial report (BIR)
     Follow up ( strategic views, 360,changes, safety issues)

Locate the Fire
Identify and control flow paths ( door control)
Cool the fire from safest location
Transmit reset fire or knockdown

Extinguish the fire in the most direct manner
Transmit benchmark fire under control
*(check extension prior to under control)

Rescue (action of opportunity)
Transmit priority traffic

Salvage (action of opportunity)

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20
Q

1st Due truck company procedure

A 
Size up
Coordinate operations w/ engine co.
Forcible entry
Door control
Search
    Transmit benchmark primary search all clear

Ventilation/ anti-ventilation
Extension checks
Overhaul

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21
Q

Response chief response procedure

A

Assume command and establish stationary command post

Verify operating positions match incident conditions

Confirm position and function of all companies
Transmit transfer of command

Resource determination
Ongoing risk/benefit analysis
(Do conditions match strategy)

Establish on deck tactical reserve

Working fire notification or individual resources

Communicate benchmarks to central

Address recycle/rehab needs

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22
Q

Fireground support (later companies)

A 
RIC
Safety
Support
Additional Lines
Additional Manpower
Water Supply
Utilities
Salvage
Overhaul
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23
Q

Search and Rescue SOG number and purpose

A

201.1

Life safety is most important of 3 tactical priorities and includes all activities recruited to protect occupants, remove those who are threatened and treat the injured. Search and rescue are critical components of that tactical priority and are the keys to assuring the success of that tactic

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24
Q

VEIS

A

Vent, Enter, Isolate, Search

A targeted search performed by gaining access to a room from an exterior position in order to carry out a primary search. VEIS is conducted without the protection of a hose line and is usually conducted away from the initial area of fire attack.

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25
Q

Critical Factors for Search Size up

A

Fire stage- tenability for victims and potential victims

Effect of fire on building- is building safe to enter

Effect of the fire on victims- savable vs already lost

Fire victims number, location, mobility

Time of day

Availability of on scene resources

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26
Q

Life safety decisions to make during search and rescue

A

Remove victims from fire or

Remove fire from victims or

Use combination of the two

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27
Q

Order of victim rescue priority

A
  1. Most severely threatened
  2. Larger number ( groups)
  3. Remainder of the fire area
  4. Exposed areas
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28
Q

Search Crew or Group, Procedure

A

Ascertain potential victim information ( location, age, mobility)

When no victim information is available, search will be extended in the following order

1. Closest to fire
2. Bedroom/ sleeping areas
3. Egress paths

Consider VEIS, communicate to command if VEIS is to be performed

Communicate fire location to fire attack crews

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29
Q

Fire attack crews or groups search procedure

A

Attack lines to control fire
Control interior access(stairs, halls, lobbies)

 Confine fire
 Protect avenues of egress

Search areas that search crew was unable to access due to proximity to the fire area

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30
Q

What are critical fireground factors? Define

A

Standard list of basic items IC must consider in the evaluation of tactical situations. Providers IC w/ checklist of the basic terms that are involve in size-up, decision-making, initiating action, review and revision of the fireground.

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31
Q

List of Critical Fireground Factors

A

The Building
Size, construction, roof, age, value, condition, interior arrangement

The Fire
Size, extent, stage, time of involvement, materials, direction of travel

The occupancy
Type/group, fire load, status, contents

The life hazards
Number, location, condition of occupants, extent of fire, resources needed for search and rescue, risk/benefit model

The arrangement
Access, exposures, value of exposures, direction fire is moving, obstructions

Resources
Number of capabilities of personnel, equipment, water, external resources

Fire protection systems
Standpipe, sprinklers, FDC, fire walls, fire alarms, and ventilation systems

Other factors and conditions
Time of day, day of week, season, weather, traffic, special hazards due to holidays or special events

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32
Q

When will fireground strategy be chosen?

A

After evaluating risk/benefit model and critical fireground factors

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33
Q

Define offensive strategy

A

IC has determined benefit outweighs risk. Tactics are performed within the hazard zone and are directed towards meeting incident priorities. Tactics should focus on quickly bringing the fire under control and conducting primary search.

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34
Q

Define defensive strategy

A

The IC has determined the risk outweighs the benefit. Tactics are performed outside of the hazard zone and are directed towards meeting incident priorities. Tactics should focus on protecting the exposures or managing fire extension, confining the fire, and bringing the fire under control

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35
Q

3 incident priorities in order

A

Life Safety
Incident Stabilization
Property Conservation

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36
Q

Life Safety

A

Consider the number, location, and condition of the victims

Consider the effect fire has on the victims

Evaluate the ability of available resources to mitigate the problem

Conduct a primary and secondary search in all involve and exposed occupancies

Benchmarks Primary search all clear and Secondary search all clear

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37
Q

Incident Stabilization

A

A critical command decision, both initial and ongoing, relates to the offensive or defensive strategic modes

The IC should consider the most probably direction of fire extension, particularly as it effects rescue, confinement, and exposure protection and allocate resources based upon this evaluation

Initial attack efforts should be direct toward:
Offensive- Control of Fire and support primary search
Defensive- protecting exposures and controlling fire spread

Benchmark Fire under control
Extinguishment of main body of fire
Evaluate the six sides of fire area for extending

38
Q

Property Conservation

A

Evaluate Damage to fire area

Evaluate the salvage value of various areas

Commit resources to loss control functions

Benchmark Loss stopped

39
Q

3 types of horizontal ventilation

A

Natural/wind/hydraulic
Small areas, short term, can be used with other methods

PPV
   Caution used if attic fire, uncontrolled or hidden
   Cover entire opening
    Maximized entry/egress
    Keep egress clear of smoke
    Can be used to isolate exposure

NPV(negative pressure)
Establish opening opposite fan
Opening sealed around fan

40
Q

Vertical Ventilation

A

Minimize personnel on roof

Close to or directly over the fire

Consider trench cut to isolate fire

No water flow down ventilation holes

No operation on Spanish tiles that have been exposed to fire conditions
Exhaust all other forms of ventilation prior to roof ventilation on Spanish tile. Benefit must outweigh risk drastically

41
Q

Objectives of Loss Control

A

Seek out extinguish all remaining fire

Control Loss

Stabilize the incident scene

Preserve evidence to include contacting prevention services personnel early in the incident

Secure the fire scene in preparation to turn over the proper authority

42
Q

What should be addressed during overhaul operations?

A

Insure overhaul is conducted safely

Insure all fire is extinguished

During rehab breaks of fire crews, insure at least 2 firefighters remain in the fire area to detect any possible hidden fire and re-ignition

Use early and continuing positive pressure ventilation to maintain an acceptable working environment and reduce loss. (Use caution with PPV fans gas powered, can introduce CO into buildings at high levels)

Meet with the property owner or occupant concerning overhaul operations

Closely coordinate overhaul with fire investigators

43
Q

______ and ______ should be primary concerns when performing overhaul operations

A

Replacement price, value

44
Q

When appropriate turn off the ______ system in the building during overhaul.

A

Ventilation

45
Q

How to prevent water damage

A

Use foam so less water is needed

Be accurate with stream during attack

Block up legs of wooden furniture during salvage and over haul

Cover furniture

Punch holes in gypsum to drain attic if needed

46
Q

Commercial Dumpster

A

Metal dumpsters 1-8 cubic yards in size

47
Q

Residential dumpster

A

96 gallon trash container made of heavy plastic

48
Q

Roll off dumpster

A

Large open top metal dumpster 10-30 cubic yards

49
Q

Refuse

A

Disposed of products with no value as it pertains to the risk/benefit model

50
Q

Response type to dumpster fires

A

Code 1 unless life or property is threatened. Use dispatch info to determine if upgrade response is necessary

51
Q

Dumpster fire PPE

A

Full PPE including SCBA

52
Q

If dumpster is attached to compactor unit

A

Deploy additional crew interior to protect spread into structure

53
Q

If gas clouds, colored smoke encountered during dumpster fire

A

Back away, call HMRT for air monitoring and technical assistance

54
Q

Any substantial fire involving any _____ or _____ or more areas of a passenger vehicle will typically _____ the vehicle beyond repair. Risk/benefit analysis should consider the vehicle a _______ ______.

A

Compartment, two, damage, total loss

55
Q

Vehicle fire response size up on dispatch

A

Highway/ hazardous traffic
Ensure law enforcement

Result of collision
Consider passenger entrapment

Exposures
    Structure- upgrade alarm
    Vehicles- upgrade alarm
    Debris- as needed
    Vegetation- as needed
56
Q

Vehicle fire size up on arrival

A

Scene elements
Wind direction, topography, traffic, on lookers

Vehicle elements
Open flames, vehicle occupied, vehicle age, location of fire, resource determination

57
Q

Vehicle fire apparatus placement

A

Uphill, upwind, out of vehicles path

Use apparatus to protect scene, consider taking additional lanes if needed

58
Q

PPE for vehicle fire

A

Full PPE including SCBA shall be worn from fire attack through overhaul

59
Q

Vehicle Fire Attack

A

Minimum 1 3/4 diameter hose w/ fog nozzle

Approach diagonally opposite of fire or from front if fully involved

  1. Knock down body from distance
  2. Sweep ground under vehicle
  3. Cool body of vehicle
  4. Cool fuel tank
  5. Cool tires
  6. Cool hood, trunk, and bumper struts
  7. Cool engine
  8. NEVER PHYSICALLY ENTER COMPARTMENT
60
Q

Getting water under hood in vehicle fire

A
  1. Pry of cut open
  2. Only large enough to get water stream in
  3. Use compartmentation to:
    Restrict air
    Promote steam conversion
    Reduce magnesium splatter
61
Q

Special considerations for vehicle fires

A 
LPG/LNG tanks
Hybrid high voltage
Energy absorbing bumpers
Batteries
Combustible Metals
Trunk/Engine struts
Fires involving the trunk/cargo area (unknown cargo)
Fuel Tanks
Vehicle Stability 
Air Bags
62
Q

When does the high rise SOG apply?

A

In buildings 3 stories or greater

63
Q

1st due engine at High rise

A

Size up
Special consideration to time of day, access, weather(wind speed, wind direction, and ventilation openings)

Establish command and implement ICS

Secure water supply and supply the standpipe system or deploy hose lines for interior operations

Evaluate and request additional resources if needed

Establish civilian exit corridors and firefighting ingress/egress corridors

Attempt to verify actual fire extend and location

64
Q

1st due truck at high rise fire

A

Size up and determine need for aerial placement

Position apparatus outside of collapse zone if possible

Coordinate with interior crews if established

Rescue occupants in immediate danger ( consider shelter in place if appropriate)

Ventilation

65
Q

2nd due engine high rise

A

Secure second water source and support sprinkler system if appropriate

66
Q

2nd due truck company

A

Determine need for aerial placement (outside of collapse zone)

67
Q

High rise support (later companies)

A 
RIC
Safety
Additional lines
Rehab and staging (two floors down)
Evac control and accountability 
Ventilation 
Loss control
Additional manpower
68
Q

Only person on scene that can work independently. ( not two man team)

A

Incident safety officer

69
Q

Failure to present a _______ will result in personnel being denied _____ to, or being ______ from, incident operations until such is presented.

A

PASSPORT, entry, removed

70
Q

When should IC call for PAR

A

At any strategy change

At regular timed intervals no greater than 20 minutes

At benchmarks, may be varied dependent on proximity of benchmarks to each other

When emergency or mayday traffic is initiated

For any sudden hazardous or catastrophic event

71
Q

If there is a discrepancy of personnel number during PAR…

A

A recount of that assignment will be requested

72
Q

If recount of par verifies discrepancy….

A

Names will be given to identify missing person

73
Q

Once a specific name is identified…

If no response….

A

A par directly to that person will be requested.

IC shall immediately initiate actions to search for and rescue missing firefighter

74
Q

The results of _____ shall be communities to _____ _____ for logging purposes.

A

PAR, Central Dispatch

75
Q

First arriving company at MVA

Officer Duties

A 
Give BIR
Assume command
Conduct outer circle survey
   Hazard assessment
   Pt. Assessment 
   Needs assessment
Assign incoming resources as need
Based on EMS licensure may be assigned pt care as needed
Refer to MCI protocol if 5 or more pt.
76
Q

First Arriving Company MVA

Driver/Operator Duties

A

Position apparatus to protect scene and firefighters and allow access to equipment

If extrication is required, move equipment to staging area

Based on EMS licensure, may be assigned to PT care

Provide CAN to command

If level 3 pt identified, set up salvage cover as designated safe location

77
Q

First arriving company MVA

Hydrant/Vent Duties

A

Inner circle on first vehicle
Hazard assessment
Patient assessment
Needs assessment

Provide can to command

78
Q

First arriving company to MVA

Nozzle/Irons

A

Inner circle on second vehicle
Hazard assessment
Pt assessment
Needs assessment

If only one vehicle wait and assist as need

Provide can to command

79
Q

At MVA, if level 3 pt under 18 yoa

A

Assign at least 1 person to assure they remain in safe location while higher level care/extrication is occurring. Law enforcement is first preference for this task.

80
Q

What is relayed to Chief officer on arrival to MVA?

A

How many pt in each vehicle and total number of pt.

Level of injuries and count of each

Which vehicles have pt

Needs

Plan, IAP

81
Q

PPE need for extrication

A

Full PPE, no SCBA, goggles

82
Q

Fire potential at MVA

A

1 3/4 line deployed, manned. D/O at pump.

If no fire danger present, fire extinguisher placed in tool staging area

83
Q

Safety Vest usage at MVA

A

Must be worn unless actively fighting fire. Once firefight is complete, vests are donned.

84
Q

Ambulance crew personnel at MVA

A

Not to enter vehicle unless PPE donned and IC permission granted.

85
Q

What groups can or should be initiated if needed at MVA

A 
Extrication Group
Hazard/ Fire control group
Triage/ Treatment group
Transport group
Helicopter LZ group
Police group
86
Q

1st arriving unit at Active shooter/ hostile incident

A

Identify staging for all incoming units. Monitor PD radio while responding

87
Q

Later arriving units at Active shooter/hostile incident

A

Later units will report to staging. Treatment supervisor will be assigned.
Squad shall be available primarily for transport

88
Q

What does an RTF team consist of?

A

2 law enforcement officers

2-4 firefighters

89
Q

Examples of situations that require investigator call out

A
  1. Any incident involving explosive or incendiary device regardless of dollar loss
  2. Undetermined cause or suspicious origin
  3. Loss of life or serious life threatening injuries. I.e. smoke inhalation, burns
  4. Any accidental fire that results in either structural, content, or combined damage of 10000 dollars or more
  5. Brush and dumpster fires were specific suspect information is available
  6. Numerous fires reported at same location
  7. Photographs needed to document scene
  8. Known that insurance companies will be involved or claims will by filed by owner
90
Q

Estimated property damage by floor area

A
  1. 00 per sqft in burned floor area
  2. 00 per sqft for property contents located in burned floor area
  3. 00 per sqft for smoke damage throughout structure.

Las Cruces Fire Dept Standard Operating Guidelines (2 decks)

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