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Pharmacology Exam 3 > 2010 Exam > Flashcards

2010 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

All of the following mechanisms contribute to reduced mortality in the pharmacologic treatment of heart failure EXCEPT

A. interference with the actions of a angiotensin II

B. partial blockade of cardiac beta-1 adrenergic receptors

C. Increased excretion of salt and water produced by diuretics

D. blockade of aldosterone receptors

A

C

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2
Q

When used for the treatment of heart failure, potential side effect(s) associated with the use of ACE inhibitors include

A. cough

B. hyperkalemia

C. Both

D. Neither

A

C. Both

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3
Q

The preferred pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of heart failure is directed toward

A. reducing the workload of the heart

B. increased cardiac contractility

C. both

D. neither

A

A.

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4
Q

Which of the following statements about nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) is FALSE?

A. It can alleviate an acute attack of angina pectoris

B. It reduces sympathetic nerve activity to the heart

C. It produces its antianginal effect primarily by reducing preload, resulting in decreased myocardial work and oxygen demand

D. It can prevent the development of angina if it is taken immediately prior to exercise

A

B.

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5
Q

Calcium channel blockers are useful for the treatment fo angina pectoris b/c they

A. reduce afterload

B. reduce coronary artery vasospasm

C. both

D. Neither

A

C. Both

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6
Q

Which of the following physiological mechanisms does NOT contribute to the antianginal efficacy of the beta-adregergic blocking drugs?

A. prolongation of the diastolic interval

B. relaxation fo venous smooth muscle

C. prevention fo baroreflex-mediated and exercise induced tachycardia

D. reduction of the inotropic and chronotropic effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine

E. reduction in arterial pressure in hypertensive patients

A

B. relaxation of venous smooth m.

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7
Q

Drug X is being tested against the std chemotherapeutic regimen currently used to treat pancreatic cancer. Initial results of the clinical trial show reduced metastases after 3 months, indicating potential clinical benefit of drug X. Investigators are considering filling a New Drug Application in the next few months. Drug X is currently in what phase of clinical trials?

A. Phase I

B. Phase II

C. Phase III

D. Phase IV

A

C. Phase III

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8
Q

Fentanyl is a potent narcotic analgesic w/ a short duration of action and rapid onset. It’s currently the most widely used synthetic opioid in clinical practice. Fentanyl produces a euphoric effect similar to heroin. Illicit use of fentanyl has place it in which schedule fo prescription drugs, for which no automatic refills are allowed?

A. schedule I

B. schedule II

C. schedule III

D. schedule V

A

B. Schedule II

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9
Q

You have been working for 12 yrs developing a new peptide antagonist fo receptor X for potential clinical use. You have amassed a wealth of data, which you have intend to submit to the FDA to receive Investigational New Drug (IND) status. Which data must be submitted to the FDA to receive IND status?

A. Chemical synthesis protocols for making the drug

B. Informed consent form for studies in humans

C. Toxicology studies performed in animals

D. all of the above

A

D. all

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10
Q

Phase I clinical trials serve to

A. determine efficacy of the experimental drug

B. Increase the market share of an already approved drug

C. priority rank multiple promising compounds

D. Establish the maximum tolerated dose

A

D.

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11
Q

Bile acid sequestrants

A. act locally in the small intestine

B. are the first choice drug for any pt. w/ elevated LDL levels

C. cause myopathy as a frequent side effect

D. Increase the catabolism of VLDL

A

A.

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12
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding LDL?

A. LDL is anti-atherogenic

B. Lowering plasma LDL levels has no effect on coronary heart dz mortality

C. Regulation of liver LDL receptor levels is the dominant mechanism for controlling LDL levels in humans

D. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omacor) are the most effective drug in controlling plasma LDL levels.

A

C.

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13
Q

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors

A. act locally in the small intestine

B. lower serum HDL levels

C. decrease absorption fo fat soluble vitamins

D. block a rate limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

A

D

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14
Q

Nicotinic acid (niacin)

A. selectively inhibits cholesterol absorption in the intestine

B. is not associated with a significant side effects in patients

C. lowers serum HDL levels

D. Increases VLDL catabolism

A

D

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15
Q

Streptokinase (Streptase)

A. selectively prevents platelet aggregation

B. is a plasminogen activator

C. Both

D. Neither

A

B

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16
Q

When a pt. w/ hypertension is administered a Ca channel blocker that binds to vascular smooth m. Ca channels more selectively than it binds to cardiac m. Ca channels; which of the following physiological reflexes si LEAST likely to occur?

A. Increased cardiac output

B. reduced sympathetic nervous system activity

C. increased Na and water retention

D. Increased HR

A

B

17
Q

Minoxidil

A. binds to and opens K channels, causing membrane hyperpolarization and indirectly impairing calcium conductance through L-type Ca-channels.

B. is so powerful that its use is restricted to severe hypertension, hypertensive emergencies, and hypertension uncontrolled by other drugs.

C. has utility as a hair restoration remedy when administered topically

D. possesses all of the above properties

A

D

18
Q

Which of the following statements best describe the mechanisms of antihypertensive action for drugs that act trhough adrenergic receptors?

A. beta adrenergic receptor antagonists reduce BP primarily by reducing CO through blockade fo beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart.

B. alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist cause vasodilation by blocking the constrictive effects of sympathetic nervous system tone on resistance arterioles.

C. Agonists fo alpha-2 adrenergic receptors act in the CNS to impair sympathetic outflow from the brain

D. all of the above statements are correct

A

D. all of the above

19
Q

Which of the following is/are used to classify anti-arrhythmic drugs according to the Vaughan-Williams method?

A. low therapeutic index

B. extra-cardiac toxicity

C. pro-arrhythmic potential

D. none of the above

A

D

20
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

A. blocks K channels, prolongs the cardiac action potential shortens the QT interval

B. blocks K channels, increases refactoriness and shortens the QT interval

C. is a Vaughan-Williams class III drug that prolongs the cardiac action potential and increases the QT interval

D. is a Vaughan-Williams class IV drug that shortens the cardiac action potential and decreases refactoriness

A

C

21
Q

Which of the following drugs is NOT appropriate for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disorder (GERD)?

A. cimetidine (Tagamet)

B. aluminum and magnesium hydroxide tablets (e.g. Mylanta)

C. antimicrobials to eliminate helicobacter pylori

D. loperamide (Imodium)

A

D. Loperamide (imodium)

22
Q

An angiotensin type I (AT1) receptor antagonist that blocks angiotensin II’s effects on resistance arterioles and the adrenal gland.

A. Diltiazem (Cardizem)
B. Losartan (Cozarr)
C. Propranolol (Inderal)
D. Lisinopril (Prinivil)

A

B

23
Q

A non-selective antagonist of beta-adrenergic receptors.

A. Diltiazem (Cardizem)
B. Losartan (Cozarr)
C. Propranolol (Inderal)
D. Lisinopril (Prinivil)

A

C

24
Q

Inhibits ACE, blocking the formation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I.

A. Diltiazem (Cardizem)
B. Losartan (Cozarr)
C. Propranolol (Inderal)
D. Lisinopril (Prinivil)

A

D

25
Q

A gallstone dissolution agent whose use was first described in compendiums of 7th century Chinese folk medicine and is presumably the active ingredient of dried gallbladders taken from the Himalayan bear.

A. Colloidal bismuth compounds (Pepto-Bismol)
B. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
C. Cimetidine (Tagamet)
D. ursodial (Actigal)

A

D

26
Q

The principal means by which cardiac glycosides (e.g. digitalis) bring about circulatory improvement in congestive heart failure is by direct dilation of renal arterioles, thereby promoting the excretion of excess extracellular fluid volume.

T or F

A

F

27
Q

Most drugs used to treat typical angina (“angina of effort”) increase total coronary blood flow and the amount of oxygen delivered to the heart.

T or F

A

F

28
Q

Low molecular weight heparin selectivity inhibits thrombin

T or F

A

F

29
Q
A

Pharmacology Exam 3 (8 decks)

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