2011 Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology Past Papers 1 > 2011 > Flashcards

Flashcards in 2011 Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

a. intravenous drugs have bioavailability of 50%
b. topical administration is a type of parenteral administration
c. sodium bicarbonate increases the pH of the stomach
d. first-pass metabolism refers to renal elimination of water soluble drugs
e. adrenaline is a alpha-1 receptor agonist

A

a. F
b. F
c. T
d. F
e. T

2
Q

a. adrenaline - anaphylactic shock
b. atropine - organophosphate poisoning
c. dopamine - hypertension
d. neostigmine - myasthenia gravis
e. phenylephrine - rebound hyperaemia

A

a. T
b. T
c. F. Hypotension
d. T
e. F

3
Q

a. β1-adrenoceptor agonists cause bradycardia
b. β2-adrenoceptor agonists cause bronchoconstriction
c. α1-adrenoceptor blockers cause vasodilation
d. α2-adrenoceptor agonists cause vasodilation
e. muscarinic receptor stimulation causes tachycardia

A

a. F. Tachycardia
b. F. Dilation
c. T
d. T
e. F

4
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of pseudoephedrine include:

a. tremor
b. bradycardia
c. diarrhoea
d. addiction
e. hypotension

A

a. T
b. F
c. F
d. T
e. F

5
Q

Pharmacological adverse-effects of hyoscine include:

a. dry mouth
b. bradycardia
c. diarrhoea
d. abdominal spasms
e. urinary retention

A

a. T
b. F
c. F
d. F
e. T

6
Q

a. furosemide works on the loop of Henle
b. hydrochlorothiazide causes hypokalaemia as an adverse-effect
c. amiloride causes hypokalaemia as an adverse-effect
d. indapamide is a high ceiling diuretic
e. spironolactone causes gynaecomastia as an adverse-effect

A

a. T
b. T
c. F. Potassium sparing diuretic
d. F. Low ceiling
e. T. Inhibits testosterone synthesis

7
Q

Bisoprolol is:

a. a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker
b. used for the treatment of cardiac failure
c. used to control hypoglycaemic episodes in diabetics
d. contraindicated in asthma
e. more β1-selective at higher doses

A

a. F. B1 selective
b. T
c. F
d. T
e. F less selective

8
Q

a. amlodipine - calcium channel blockade
b. glyceryl trinitrate - blocks Na+/K+ exchange in the collecting duct
c. enalapril - angiotensin-1 to angiotensin-2 conversion blockade
d. valsartan - blocks Na+/K+/Cl- transporter in the ascending limb
e. bezafibrate - HMG co-A reductase inhibitor

A

a. T
b. F. Nitrate, blocker
c. T. ACE inhibitor
d. F. ARB
e. F. Statins inhibit HMG

9
Q

a. protamine sulfate blocks the action of warfarin
b. heparin enhances antithrombin IV activity
c. aspirin is used for the long-term prevention of stroke
d. tranexamic acid causes pulmonary emboli
e. streptokinase degrades fibrin thrombi

A

a. F. Blocks the activity of heparin
b. F. Antithromibin III
c. T
d. T
e. T

10
Q

a. prednisone inhibits COX-I and COX-II
b. phospholipase A2 is stimulated by lipocortin
c. beclomethasone is given to asthmatic patients to reduce inflammation
d. cortisone will precipitate allergic reactions
e. corticosteroids modify enzyme activity

A

a. F Cox II
b. F. Inhibited
c. T
d. F. There is a change
e. T

11
Q

a. corticosteroids have an anabolic effect on muscles and are used as muscle bulkers
b. long-term treatment with prednisone causes dysregulation of the HPA-axis
c. hydrocortisone stimulates bone growth in children
d. glucose levels are elevated with corticosteroid treatment
e. a “moon face” and “buffalo hump” are characteristic of long-term prednisone treatment

A

a. F
b. T
c. F
d. T
e. T

12
Q

a. NSAIDs inhibit lipocortin
b. ibuprofen is an effective anticoagulant
c. meloxicam selectively inhibits COX-II enzyme
d. indomethacin can precipitate bronchospasm in an asthmatic patient
e. diclofenac is more likely than celecoxib to cause gastric ulceration

A

a. F
b. F
c. F
d. F
e. T

13
Q

Paracetamol

a. is an effective antipyretic in children with bacterial infections
b. is preferred to diclofenac when treating rheumatoid arthritis
c. is safe in overdose
d. inhibits COX-III
e. is a safe anticoagulant in hypertensive patients

A

a. T
b. F
c. F
d. F
e. F

14
Q

Opioids

a. propoxyphene antagonises the analgesic effects of paracetamol
b. naloxone reverses the respiratory depressant effects of morphine
c. codeine is a more potent analgesic than fentanyl
d. tolerance develops to euphoria before miosis
e. tramadol blocks the reuptake of serotonin

A

a. F
b. T
c. F
d. T
e. T. Causes serotonin syndrome

15
Q

Adverse-effects associated with morphine

a. insomnia
b. urine voiding
c. pruritus
d. emesis
e. diarrhoea

A

a. F. drowsiness
b. F. Retention
c. T
d. T
e. F

16
Q

Local anaesthetic agents

a. lignocaine blocks the sensation of pain before motor function
b. ropivacaine inhibits A-fibres before C-fibres
c. tetracaine is an ester local anaesthetic
d. the unionised form of lignocaine diffuses into the axon membrane
e. lignocaine is metabolised to para-aminobenzoic acid

A

a. T
b. F
c. T
d. F
e. F. In the liver