2014 anzca Flashcards
blood gas analysis, base excess a directly measured b assume pCO2 40 c asseses resp acid base status d same as plasma bicarb e independant of blood hb levels
b
Mg a 1.1 - 2.2 b slows SA conduction c increase uterine tone d diuretic e direct resp depressant
b
ADH increase with a only if 10% increased plasma osmol b decreased extravas volume c nausea and vomiting d alcohol e stand to supine
b
70kg trained athlete at rest a O2 consumtion 350ml/min b AV diff 5ml/100ml/min c cardiac output 7l/min d stroke volume 70ml e end systolic volume is 70 ml
b O2 consump 250ml/min CO 4.5 rest 32 l/min exercise SV 125ml, 200ml exercise end systolic volume 50 ml, end diastolic volume increased
cutaneous circ, which is wrong
a Av anastomosis do no exhibit basal tone
b supplied by symp and para
c neural input more important than metab control
d countercurrent exchange in extremitites
b
vagal stimulation a increased conduction time b increasted atrial myocardial conduction c decreased AV nodal conduction d decreased left peak IV pressure
c, a could be right depending on wording
normal inspiration a increased CVP b increased RAP c increased Intrathoraicc pressure d SVC blood flow doubles d decreased pulm vasc resistance
d
CVP and RAP decrease, ITP decrease, PVR increase
exercise
a av oxygen diff increase to 20ml/100ml
b MAP from 90-140
c O2 consumption increased to a max of 500%
d stroke volume increase linearly up to 120ml
e PVR falls by greater than half
d
what is true in nerves
a Na channels open at -80mV
b K efflux begins before max depol
c Na channels in resting state at -30mv
d K channels have resting active and inactive state
e K channels undergo 500 - 1000 fold change in conductance with repol
b
muscle spindle a shorter than extrafusal fibres b contain contractile elements c no motor innervation d in series with extrafusal fibres e detect changes in msucle tension
a and b - 3-10mm long
gas flow less likely turbulent if a gas viscosity less b gas temp increase c tube radiu increase d reynolds >2000 e tube has bifurcation
b
in kidney HCO3-
a is not filtered
b appears in the urine at all times
c only appears in urine when plasma HCO3 >32mmol/L
d reabsorption increased with increased GFR
e reabsorption increased in DCT
d
only in urine after >28mmol/L
regulation of GFR not influcenced by a JGA b MAP c afferent arteriole d efferent arteriole e macula densa
b
renal clearance
a inulin as its MW 70kDa
b reduced GFR results in reduced Cr clearance
c PAH excreted less than inulin
d inulin underestimates GFR
e exercise is associated with decreased creatinine clearance
b
if barometric pressure is 247 what is the pp O2 in moist expired air
21% of 200 = 42 mmHg
