2014 exam Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
In which structure are the stimulatory and inhibitory hormones of the hypothalamus secreted?
a. Pars distalis
b. Pars nervosa
c. Median eminence
d. Pars tuberalis
A
c. Median eminence
2
Q
Which of the following cells of pituitary is acidophilic?
a. Luetotrphs
b. Somatotrophs
c. Corticotrphs
d. Thyrotrophs
A
b. Somatotrophs
3
Q
A patient suffering from a tumor that enlarged started growing anteriorly and superiorly which structure would be affected?
a. Sphenoidal air sinus
b. Cavernous sinus
c. Optic chiasm
d. Abducent nerve
A
c. Optic chiasm
4
Q
In case of pressure by a tumor on the optic chiasm what is the patient more likely to suffer from?
a. Bilateral peripheral loss of vision
b. Bilateral medial loss of vision
A
a. Bilateral peripheral loss of vision
5
Q
If the hypothalamic regulation to the pituitary is disrupted which of the following hormone will increase?
a. Growth hormone
b. ACTH
c. TSH
d. Prolactin
e. LH
A
d. Prolactin
6
Q
A woman gave birth 6 months ago, she presented to the outpatient clinic complaining of amenorrhea, and unable to breast feed. Upon further investigations, the doctor found out that she had severe hemorrhage during pregnancy which required blood transfusion, what is she most likely suffering from?
a. Frohlich’s syndrome
b. Sheehan syndrome
c. Cushing syndrome
A
b. Sheehan syndrome
7
Q
What is the importance of the chromaffin granule in the adrenal medulla?
a. Stores epinephrine and encephalin
b. The rate limiting enzyme for the synthesis of epinephrine is within the granules
c. Responsible for the degradation of excessive dopamine
A
a. Stores epinephrine and encephalin
encephalin= pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception in the body
8
Q
Which of the following hormones acts on uterine smooth muscle contraction and the myoepithelial cells for the breast?
a. Luteinizing hormone
b. Oxytocin
c. Follicular stimulating hormone
d. ACTH
A
b. Oxytocin
9
Q
Which of the following is used for the diagnosis of (primary) adrenal insufficiency?
a. Cortisol
b. Cosyntropin
c. CRH
A
b. Cosyntropin
10
Q
the auto antigen responsible for the autoimmunity in lymphocytic hypophysitis is?
a. Alpha enolase
b. Piturary gland specifc factor 1a
c. Pituraty gland specifc factor 2
d. Human growth hormone
A
a. Alpha enolase
11
Q
In case of high avidity self-antigen recognition by B cells what is the mechanism that results in new immunoglobulins light chains on the B cell surface?
a. Anergy
b. Apoptosis
c. Receptor editing
d. Regulation by inhibiting receptors
A
c. Receptor editing
12
Q
Failure in what will result in autoimmune diseases?
A
Tolerance
13
Q
Loss of the function of which of the following cell lines result in IPEX syndrome?
a. Macrophages
b. CD8+ lymphocytes
c. B cells
d. Regulatory lymphocytes
A
d. Regulatory lymphocytes
14
Q
Which of the following act by negative feedback long loop on the hypothalamus?
a. Cortisol
b. TSH
A
a. Cortisol
15
Q
Which of the following act through short loop feedback to inhibit TRH in the hypothalamus?
a. Thyroxin
b. ACTH
c. LH
d. TSH
A
d. TSH
16
Q
What is the most common type of pituitary tumor?
a. Glioma
b. Null cell adenoma
c. Atypical adenoma
d. Pituitary carcinoma
e. Rathke’s cleft cyst
f. Craniopharyngioma
g. Prolactinoma
h. GH secreting tumor
A
g. Prolactinoma
17
Q
What indicates that the hypopituitarism is a result from dysfunction/ damage in the hypothalamus?
A
Diabetes insipidus
18
Q
Which of the following is lined by columnar epithelium with goblet cells?
a. Craniopharyngioma
b. Rathke’s cleft cyst
c. Atypical adenoma
A
b. Rathke’s cleft cyst
19
Q
A patient presented with acromegaly was treated with cabergoline, what is the mechanism of action of this drug?
a. Act as an agonist of somatostatin
b. Acts as D2 agonist
c. Act as GH receptor antagonist
A
b. Acts as D2 agonist
20
Q
What is the mechanism of action of desmopressin?
a. Decrease V2 receptor sensitivity
b. Blocks V2 receptor
c. Increase expression of Aquaporins
A
c. Increase expression of Aquaporins (water channels)
21
Q
Causes gynecomastia in males, galactorrhea and amenorrhea in females. What drug can lead to this as a side effect?
a. Chlorpromazine
b. Leuprolide
c. Menotropin
A
a. Chlorpromazine
22
Q
If a patient was treated successfully from diabetes insipidus what is the most likely finding in this patient?
a. His blood pressure will be normal
b. Urine production will be reduced by 30%
c. The urine production will be 5ml/min
d. The urine osmolality increased by 100-200
A
a. His blood pressure will be normal
23
Q
What is true regarding diabetes insipidus?
a. There is always psychogenic polydipsia
b. There may be normal sodium levels
c. Central DI with increased ADH
d. Central DI is caused by kidney problem
A
b. There may be normal sodium levels
24
Q
In radioimmunoassay if the displacement of the antibodies is low after adding a sample of plasma what does it indicate?
a. Indicates excessive radioactivity
b. Low levels of hormone in the plasma sample
c. High levels of hormone in the plasma sample
A
b. Low levels of hormone in the plasma sample
25
Which hormone has an infradian rhythm?
a. Cortisol
b. Growth hormone
c. Luteinizing hormone
c. Luteinizing hormone
26
A 15-year-old boy develops swelling along the midline of the neck. The swelling moves when he swallows, which of the following diagnosis is most likely?
a. Branchial cleft cyst
b. Dermoid cyst
c. Cystic fibroma
d. Thyroglossal duct cyst
d. Thyroglossal duct cyst
27
Which of the following vessel is more likely prone to damage during tracheostomy?
a. Inferior thyroid vein
b. Superior thyroid artery
c. Inferior thyroid artery
a. Inferior thyroid vein
| she said in class thats its the "thyroid ima artery"
28
Why is the thyroid hormone synthesized in the lumen of the thyroid follicles?
To protect the follicular cells from H2O2
29
During a thyroid surgery and ligation of the inferior thyroid artery the patient is present with hoarseness of voice, which structure is most likely injured?
a. External laryngeal nerve
b. Internal laryngeal nerve
c. Sympathetic chain
d. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
30
What limits the thyroid enlargement/goiter from extending superiorly?
a. Sternohyoid
b. Anterior belly of omohyoid
c. Sternothyroid
d. Sternocleidomastoid
c. Sternothyroid
31
The action of retinoid receptor with thyroid receptor is considered (silent/nonpermissive) why?
a. Because it does not need a ligand for activation
b. Because it carried the thyroid hormone to the nucleus
c. Because it prevents the degradation of the thyroid hormones
d. Because it originally recruits co-repressors
a. Because it does not need a ligand for activation
32
What ligand(s) does the LXR/RXR need for its action?
a. Oxysterol
b. DHA
c. Oxysterol + DHA
c. Oxysterol + DHA
33
The receptor of which of the following hormones has both an open and closed configuration?
a. TSH
b. TRH
c. GH
d. GHRH
a. TSH
34
A patient with history of upper respiratory tract infection complains of enlargement in the neck and tenderness, a biopsy was done. Which of the following is most likely to be found in the biopsy?
a. Excessive lymphocytic infiltration
b. Granulomas
b. Granulomas
35
A patient with high blood thyroxin and low TSH presented with small/atrophic thyroid gland, what is most likely?
a. The patient is taking thyroid extract
b. The patient is positive for graves’ disease
a. The patient is taking thyroid extract
36
A 21-year-old female presented with a solitary mass in the thyroid. FNAC revealed the presence of follicular cells with nuclear grooves and intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions, what is the diagnosis?
a. Follicular carcinoma
b. Follicular adenoma
c. Medullary carcinoma
d. Papillary carcinoma
d. Papillary carcinoma
37
Results from changes in thyroxin synthesis due to (specific/certain) nutritional deficiency?
a. Cretinism
b. Simple goiter
b. Simple goiter
38
Which of the following is a direct effect of increased thyroxine?
a. Increased heart rate
b. Myxedema in long term
a. Increased heart rate
39
What type of cell growth lacks mitotic activity?
a. Multiplicative growth
b. Appositional growth
c. Auxetic Growth
d. Interstitial growth
c. Auxetic Growth
40
Which of the following has SH domain and serve as intracellular signaling protein? (and function as receptor kinase signaling component)
a. Protein kinase a
b. Protein kinase b (Akt)
c. Protein kinase c
d. Phospholipase c gamma
d. Phospholipase c gamma
41
Stimulates growth hormone release through growth hormone secretagogues receptor?
a. Ghrelin
b. GHRH
a. Ghrelin
42
Tcm99 is used in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. How to differentiate between subacute thyroiditis over graves’ disease?
a. Non-visualization of the thyroid gland
b. Reduced uptake by the salivary gland
a. Non-visualization of the thyroid gland
| meaning what do you need to notice to say this is subacute thyroiditis and not grave’s disease
43
What is true regarding the pharmacokinetics of levothyroxine?
a. 50% is excreted in urine in a single day
b. Propylthiouracil inhibits the biotransformation by hepatic and kidney deiodinase I
c. Estrogen reduces thyroid binding globulin
d. Cholestyramine increases levothyroxine absorption
b. Propylthiouracil inhibits the biotransformation by hepatic and kidney deiodinase I
44
Which of the following permanently reduces thyroid activity?
a. Propylthiouracil
b. Potassium iodate
c. Sodium ipodate
d. I131
d. I131
45
Which of the following drugs is used to manage thyroid storm in patients with cardiovascular disease and suffer from asthma?
a. Hexarelin
b. Octreotide
c. Somatrem
d. Diltiazem
d. Diltiazem
46
Is used in to stimulate growth hormone release?
a. Glucose
b. Exercise
b. Exercise
47
Stimulates the release of growth hormone by acting on a distinct receptor?
a. Hexarelin
b. Octreotide
c. Somatrem
d. Diltiazem
a. Hexarelin
| Hexarelin= ghrelin analog
48
Drug that is similar to Growth hormone used to treat growth hormone deficiency, but has an additional amino acid?
a. Octreotide
b. Pegvisomant
c. Somatrem
c. Somatrem
49
Octreotide is used in treatment of acromegaly, what is true about this drug?
a. Less potent than somatostatin
b. Given orally
c. Decrease levels of both insulin and glucagon
d. Contraindicated in pancreatic cancer
c. Decrease levels of both insulin and glucagon
| Octreotide= somatostatin analog, so it decreases insulin, glucagon, and GH
50
A 45-year-old man with acromegaly underwent surgery to remove a large pituitary tumor. Because surgical treatment is partially effective, he was advised to take a course of drugs that competitively block GH receptor. Which of the following drug did he most likely use?
a. Octreotide
b. Cosyntropin
c. Bromocriptine
d. Pegvisomant
d. Pegvisomant
51
In postmenopausal women, which sex hormone and gonadotropin will be elevated?
a. Estriol and FSH
b. Estrone and LH
c. Estrone and FSH
d. Estradiol and FSH
e. Estradiol and LH
c. Estrone and FSH
52
What is found in the urine of pregnant women?
a. Estrone
b. Estradiol
c. DHEA
d. Estriol
d. Estriol
53
Which of the following inhibit LH through long loop?
a. Prolactin
b. Testosterone
c. Thyroxin
d. Cortisol
e. Dopamine
f. ACTH
g. TSH
h. LH
b. Testosterone
54
What inhibits prolactin?
a. Prolactin
b. Testosterone
c. Thyroxin
d. Cortisol
e. Dopamine
f. ACTH
g. TSH
h. LH
e. Dopamine
55
Where are leydig cells found?
a. Inside Graafian follicle
b. Inside corpus luteum
c. Between ovarian follicles
d. In wall of epididymis
e. Between seminiferous tubules
e. Between seminiferous tubules
56
Increase in cortisol leads to which of the following?
a. Increase in Blood pressure
b. Skin thickening
a. Increase in Blood pressure
57
Whats the best to detect in urine
a. Thyroxine
b. TSH
c. hCG
d. Growth hormone
e. IGF-1
f. Cortisol
g. Catecholamines
h. Parathormone
c. hCG
&
g. Catecholamines
(both answers were considered correct)
58
A 16-year-old type one diabetic patient has hard swelling in the site of insulin injection, which of the following is true?
a. Frequent injections in the same site
b. Using the insulin syringe more than one time
c. Injecting insulin slowly
d. Using insulin pen
a. Frequent injections in the same site
59
Stimulated by splanchnic nerve?
a. Zona glomerulosa
b. Zona reticularis
c. Chromaffin cells
d. Zona fasciculata
c. Chromaffin cells
60
What is the Pharmacological action of alprostidil, a prostaglandin analogue, in treating erectile dysfunction?
a. Decrease cGMP
b. Inhibit phosphodiesterase in blood vessels
c. Decrease blood pressure
d. Increase blood flow to cavernous tissue
d. Increase blood flow to cavernous tissue
61
A 60-year-old man presented with obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperpigmentation, hypernatremia, hypokalemia with elevated ACTH. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cushing’s disease
62
Which is involved in Nezloff’s syndrome?
a. 1st pharyngeal pouch
b. 2nd pharyngeal pouch
c. 3rd pharyngeal pouch
d. 4th pharyngeal pouch
e. Ultimobranchial body
f. 6th pharyngeal pouch
g. Caudobranchial complex
h. 1st pharyngeal arch
c. 3rd pharyngeal pouch
63
The inferior parathyroid gland develops from
a. 1st pharyngeal pouch
b. 2nd pharyngeal pouch
c. 3rd pharyngeal pouch
d. 4th pharyngeal pouch
e. Ultimobranchial body
f. 6th pharyngeal pouch
g. Caudobranchial complex
h. 1st pharyngeal arch
c. 3rd pharyngeal pouch
64
A 2-year-old presented with hypocalcemia. Further lab investigations showed abnormality in chromosome 22. Which of the following will not develop in this patient?
Thymus and the parathyroid
65
What is the immunopathological effect of cytokines in the destruction of pancreatic islet cells in type 1 diabetes?
a. Activation of type 1 hypersensitivity
b. Activation of macrophages
c. Activation of antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
d. Activation of natural killer cells (NK)
b. Activation of macrophages
66
Which of the following has an influence on appetite?
a. Leptin
b. Adipokine
c. Serotonin
d. Adiponectin
a. Leptin
67
What is the precursor of GLP-1 in the small intestine?
Proglucagon
68
A child eats a lot of a candy that contains 11B-hydroxylase-II inhibitor. What substance will lead to increase activation of mineralocorticoid receptors?
a. cortisone
b. cortisol
b. cortisol
69
Produced in the duodenum and acts on vagus to affect appetite
a. CCK
b. PYY
c. Proglucagon
d. Glucagon
a. CCK
70
(graph question) Which of the following has a higher response to glucose? (which produce higher insulin secretion)
a. T1DM
b. T2DM
c. normal patient
b. T2DM
71
A 40-year-old female patient complains of headache, excessive sweating, palpitations, hypertension, and no weight loss. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Pheochromocytoma
72
What microscopic finding is seen during the examination of gonads of a patient with klinefliter’s disease?
Atrophy of the seminiferous tubule
73
A 54-year-old male patient has BMI 31 and a family history of cardiovascular disease. His random glucose test is 10.8. Whats the most appropriate answer?
a. Continue treatment
b. no treatment
c. oral glucose
d. insulin
e. Glucophage
f. diet and exercise
g. fluid replacement
f. diet and exercise
74
A 21-year-old female was waiting in a diabetic clinic for 2 hours, in the clinic she was pale, excessive sweating and weak (they didn’t mention her age). Whats the most appropriate answer?
a. Continue treatment
b. no treatment
c. oral glucose
d. insulin
e. Glucophage
f. diet and exercise
g. fluid replacement
c. oral glucose
75
A 43-year-old patient diabetic patient, he claims that he controls his blood glucose by diet and exercise only. His fasting blood glucose was 10.2. Whats the most appropriate answer?
a. Continue treatment
b. no treatment
c. oral glucose
d. insulin
e. Glucophage
f. diet and exercise
g. fluid replacement
e. Glucophage
| Glucophage (metformin) is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels.
76
Which of the following is involved in blood-testis barrier?
a. Sertoli cells
b. Leydig cells
c. Granulosa cells
d. Thecal cells
a. Sertoli cells
77
A 65-year-old female with low bone mass density was given alendronate, what is the most common side effect?
a. Diarrhea
b. Constipation
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Erosive esophagitis
d. Erosive esophagitis
| bisphosphonates cause this
78
Which anti-diabetic drug is useful in decreasing post-prandial glucose and stimulates (enhances) beta cell proliferation?
a. Metformin
b. Exenatide
c. Sitagliptin
d. Rosiglitazone
b. Exenatide
79
Which of the following stimulates gluconeogenesis?
a. Low insulin:glucagon ratio
b. High insulin:glucagon ratio
a. Low insulin:glucagon ratio
80
What stimulates both the release of insulin and glucagon?
a. Amino acids
b. Carbohydrates
c. Fatty acids
d. Ketones
a. Amino acids
81
What is a woman ovulation day if her menstrual cycle is 30-32 days?
a. 14-16 day
b. 7-9 day
c. 16-18 day
c. 16-18 day
82
A child suffered from fever, low blood pressure, and gram negative septicemia, after which he died. Upon examination of his adrenal glands in an autopsy, which of the following is most likely to be present?
Hemorrhagic necrosis
83
What is the significance of gamma carboxylation of osteocalcin?
Increase binding of Calcium
84
Deficiency of which of the following will lead to osteopetrosis?
Carbonic anhydrase
85
Which protein transports Calcium in bone formation?
Na-Ca+2 transporter
86
A deficiency in which decrease the ruffled border of osteoclast?
Osteopontin
87
What is the significance of NADPH in the rate limiting step of steroidogenesis?
Detoxification of oxygen
88
Which of the following is stimulated by angiotensin II?
a. Zona glomerulosa
b. Zona fasciculata
c. Zona reticularis
a. Zona glomerulosa
89
What produces insulin?
a. Alpha cells
b. Beta cells
c. Delta cells
d. PP cells
b. Beta cells
90
Which of the following is used to treat benign prostate hyperplasia? (inhibit the conversion of testosterone to DHT)
Finasteride
91
Why is male sperm auto-immunogenic/ why is there anti-sperm autoimmunity in males?
a. Because the sperms develop after the immune system learns to distinguish between self and non-self
b. Sperm expresses MHC II Ags
a. Because the sperms develop after the immune system learns to distinguish between self and non-self
92
A 37-year-old male with a blood pressure of 160/100, low renin and high aldosterone. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Addison’s disease
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Cushing disease
d. Conn’s syndrome
d. Conn’s syndrome
93
A 46-year-old presented with truncal obesity, muscle wasting and hyperglycemia. Further lab investigations showed high cortisol and low ACTH. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Cushing disease
b. Conn’s syndrome
c. Cushing’s syndrome
d. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
c. Cushing’s syndrome
94
A newborn has deficiency in all steroid hormones, and the enzyme Cholesterol side chain cleavage (CYP11A1) was normal. He died after 2 months. Deficiency in which of the following is most likely associated with his condition?
sTAR
95
a 76 year old female was brought to the hospital by her son. He told the doctor that she felt numbness around her mouth and that she had painful hand spasms. He also stated that she has a positive history of grave’s disease and the doctor noticed a horizontal scar on her neck. What is a positive finding in this patient?
Trousseau’s sign
96
In a study, three glucometric devices were used in three different studies (Study A, study B, and study C). The correct value was 7.2. Which of the following is true?
Study A, Mean= 7.8 (+/- 5)
Study B, Mean= 7.4 (+/- 10)
Study C, Mean= 7.3 (+/- 5)
a. Study A is more valid and is more reliable than study C
b. Study B is more valid and is more reliable than study A
c. Study C is more valid and is less reliable than study B
d. Study C is more valid and is more reliable than study B
d. Study C is more valid and is more reliable than study B
97
A 56-year-old male with headaches said that he changed his shoes twice in the past 6 months. Whats most likely?
a. Large fleshy hands
b. Chronic telangiectasia
c. Hypertension
a. Large fleshy hands
98
Midgut tumor was removed from a patient 6 months later he presented with acute facial flushing. Whats most likely?
a. Large fleshy hands
b. Chronic telangiectasia
c. Hypertension
b. Chronic telangiectasia
99
What is cinacalcet used for?
a. Osteoporosis
b. Hyperparathyroidism
b. Hyperparathyroidism
100
A 61-year-old Indian woman was investigated by a doctor for a possible adrenal insufficiency. What do you look for in her history?
a. Adrenal adenoma
b. Tuberculosis
b. Tuberculosis
101
Which of the following enzyme is found in RAS?
GTPase
102
A patient comes to your clinic complaining of headache, hypertension, sweating, palpitation, and postural hypotension?
Pheochromocytoma
103
A normal adult man treated with experimental drug that blocks LH receptors. What is the plasma concentration of the following hormones?
a. LH increased, FSH doesn’t change, Testosterone increased
b. LH decreased, FSH increased, Testosterone Increased
c. LH increase, FSH doesn’t change, Testosterone decreased
d. LH decreased, FSH doesn’t change, Testosterone increased
c. LH increase, FSH doesn’t change, Testosterone decreased
104
What is the reason behind high level of DHEA in the fetal adrenal glands?
Progesterone
105
A 27-year-old patient presents with a neck mass. On examination, you found that it was a solitary firm nodule. After taking a FNA you saw a mixture of plasmacytoid and spindle cells with amyloid that was stained with congo red stain. What is the diagnosis?
a. Hodgkin’s lymphoma
b. Chronic thyroiditis
c. Medullary thyroid Carcinoma
d. Follicular Carcinoma
e. Papillary thyroid Carcinoma
c. Medullary thyroid Carcinoma
106
A female with a normal 28-days menstrual cycle presented to the clinic. 12-hours earlier she had her peak estradiol levels without any significant progesterone. What do you expect after 3 days?
a. Menses
b. Corpus luteum will degenerate
c. Ovulation
c. Ovulation
107
A 55-year-old female presented with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, she was found to be hypotensive, and she had pigmentation in her buccal mucosa. What is her diagnosis?
Addison’s disease
108
How can CYP17 catalyze P5 to 17-OH P5 to DHEA in zona reticularis, but only P5 to 17-OH P5 in zona fasciculata?
CYP17 shows post-translational regulation in zona reticularis
109
Clinical finding in a patient with hyperinsulinemia? (Patient with hyperpigmentation and is known to have T2DM)
Acanthosis nigricans
110
What is the aim of radionucleotide therapy?
a. Control the symptoms
b. Cure the tumor
c. Avoid surgery
a. Control the symptoms
111
A patient with mild watery diarrhea and multiple small peptic ulcers. the peptic ulcers are not responsive to treatment. What is the most likely found in the patient blood?
a. VIP
b. Gastrin
c. Glucagon
d. Insulin
b. Gastrin
112
A patient with severe watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achloridya?
a. Gastinoma
b. Glucagonoma
c. Insluinoma
d. Somatostatinoma
e. VIPoma
e. VIPoma
113
A patient with mild diabetes and necrotizing migratory erythematous rash?
a. Insulinoma
b. Somatiostatinoma
c. Insulinoma
d. Glucagonoma
e. VIPoma
d. Glucagonoma
114
Which gene expression is regulated by DHEA?
a. Phosphodiesterase
b. Adenylate cyclase
c. PMNT
d. 11 beta HSD-I
e. 3 beta HSD
d. 11 beta HSD-I
115
What is the effect of PTH on the nephron?
a. Ca+2 reabsorption occurs in the thick part of ascending loop of Henle
b. PTH interacts with the luminal surface of the proximal tubule
a. Ca+2 reabsorption occurs in the thick part of ascending loop of Henle
116
Which is converted to active form by 5α reductase?
Testosterone
117
What period of control of hyperglycemia can the presence of HbA1c indicate?
a. 2-3 months
b. 6-7 days
c. 2-3 weeks
d. 4-5 months
a. 2-3 months
118
A 30 year old male presented with hypertension and low K in urine. You are concerned of a possible secondary cause of his hypertension. He isn’t on medication what investigation you would want to do?
a. Synacthen
b. Plasma renin:aldosterone ratio
c. Clonidine suppression test
d. Urinary catecholamine
b. Plasma renin:aldosterone ratio
119
A researcher wanted to find the association between X and Y the OR 4 and the CI is (1.9-8.1). what does the OR and the 95% CI refer to?
a. Sample, Target population respectively
b. Sample, General population respectively
a. Sample, Target population respectively
120
What is involved in the superior parathyroid gland development?
a. 4th pharyngeal arch
b. 3rd pharyngeal pouch
c. 4th pharyngeal pouch
c. 4th pharyngeal pouch
121
What binds to heat shock proteins when there is no ligand?
Glucocorticoid receptor
122
What do patients with cretinism suffer from?
Mental retardation
123
what stimulates food intake?
a. PYY
b. CCK
c. Ghrelin
c. Ghrelin
124
A study of association between 2 continues variables (were mentioned). What is used to represent the data graphically?
a. Kaplan Meier
b. Scatter plot
c. Bar chart
d. Relative risk
e. Odds ratio
f. Box plot
b. Scatter plot
125
A study was done to investigate if there's association between diabetic foot and myocardial infarction. Two groups of diabetic patients one with diabetic foot and the other without were followed up to see if they develop MI. If we want to represent the data based on the time of developing MI graphically, what should we use?
a. Kaplan Meier
b. Scatter plot
c. Bar chart
d. Relative risk
e. Odds ratio
f. Box plot
a. Kaplan Meier
126
A young female with a history of diabetes presented to the ER with signs of dehydration, hyperventilation, nausea and vomiting. Her urinalysis showed glucose: ++, and ketone bodies:++++. Her plasma urea level was high, potassium high, creatinine normal. The doctor said she was having a severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following results do we expect from arterial blood gas analysis?
a. PH= 7, HCO3-= 4, CO2= 15
b. PH= 7.2, HCO3-= 18, CO2= 30
a. PH= 7, HCO3-= 4, CO2= 15
