2015-10-11 SET 2 - SET 2

Question 1

The activity of living organisms; everything that people do. Any interaction between an organism and its environment that results in a measurable change in at least one aspect of the environment.

Answer 1

Behavior

Question 2

A single instance or occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior.

Answer 2

Response

Question 3

The physical shape or form of behavior.

Answer 3

Response Topography

Question 4

A group of responses of varying topography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.

Answer 4

Response Class

Question 5

All of the behaviors a person can do; or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.

Answer 5

Repertoire

Question 6

The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or referenced part of the organism exits; behavior cannot occur in the absence of environment.

Answer 6

Environment

Question 7

Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way.

Answer 7

Stimulus

Question 8

A group of stimuli that share specified common elements along formal, temporal and functional dimensions.

Answer 8

Stimulus Class

Question 9

An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.

Answer 9

Antecedent

Question 10

A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest.

Answer 10

Consequence

Question 11

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.

Answer 11

Respondent Behavior

Question 12

Automatic behavior that occurs involuntarily in response to a stimulus and without prior learning and usually shows little variability from instance to instance.

Answer 12

Reflex

Question 13

A gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatedly.

Answer 13

Habituation

Question 14

A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response.

Answer 14

Respondent Condition

Question 15

The stimulus component of an unconditioned reflex; a stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior without any prior learning.

Answer 15

Unconditioned Stimulus

Question 16

A stimulus change that does not elicit respondent behavior.

Answer 16

Neutral Stimulus

Question 17

The stimulus component of a conditioned reflex; formerly neutral stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 17

Conditioned Stimulus

Question 18

a learned stimulus-response functional relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the response it elicits. Ontogeny.

Answer 18

Conditioned Reflex

Question 19

The repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (US) until the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the response.

Answer 19

Respondent Extinction

Question 20

Development of a conditioned reflex by pairing of a neutral stimulus (NS) with a conditioned stimulus (CS). Also known as secondary conditioning.

Answer 20

Higher Order Conditioning

Question 21

Behavior that is selected, maintained, and brought under stimulus control as a function of its consequences.

Answer 21

Operant Behavior

Question 22

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

Answer 22

Operant Conditioning

Question 23

A group of responses of varying topography, all off which produce the same effect on the environment.

Answer 23

Response Class

Question 24

An environmental variable that (a) (value-altering) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing effectiveness of some stimulus, object or event. Ex: a hungry child will eat. and (b) (behavior-altering) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that have been reinforced by that stimulus, object, or event.

Answer 24

Motivating Operations

Question 25

The state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcer: also refers to a procedure for increasing the effectiveness of a reinforcer.

Answer 25

Deprivation

Question 26

A decrease in the frequency of operant behavior presumed to be the result of continued contact with or consumption of a reinforcer that has followed the behavior.

Answer 26

Satiation

Question 27

A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.

Answer 27

Stimulus Control

Question 28

A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.

Answer 28

Discriminative Stimulis

Question 29

a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response

Answer 29

Reinforcement

Question 30

Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and increases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.

Answer 30

Positive Reinforcement

Question 31

A stimulus change that increases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it.

Answer 31

Reinforcer

Question 32

Occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions.

Answer 32

Positive Reinforcement

Question 33

Occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.

Answer 33

Punishment

Question 34

A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it.

Answer 34

Punisher

Question 35

A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior

Answer 35

Positive Punishment (type 1)

Question 36

occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus event and the future frequency of the behavior decreases under similar environmental conditions.

Answer 36

Negative Punishment (type 2)

Question 37

Occurs when a behavior is followed by the withdrawal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior.

Answer 37

Negative Reinforcement

Question 38

Stimulus conditions whose termination functions as reinforcement.

Answer 38

Aversive Stimulus

Question 39

The discontinuation of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior resulting in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior.

Answer 39

Extinction

Question 40

A stimulus change that can increase the future frequency of behaviour without prior pairing without any other form of reinforcement.

Answer 40

Unconditioned Reinforcement

Question 41

Stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of a behavior without prior pairing.

Answer 41

Unconditioned Punishment

Question 42

A statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species, settings, behaviors, and time.

Answer 42

Principle of Behavior

Question 43

Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.

Answer 43

Contingency

Question 44

The basic unit of analysis in the analysis of operant behavior; encompasses the temporal and possibly dependent relations among an antecedent stimulus, behavior, and consequence.

Answer 44

Three-Term Contingency

Question 45

Reinforcement or punishment delivered only after a target behavior has occurred.

Answer 45

Contingent

Question 46

An inclusive term referring in general to all of a person’s learning experiences and more specifically to past conditioning with respect to particular response classes or aspects of a person’s repertoire.

Answer 46

History of Reinforcement