2015 Block Paper

Question 1

What are the retinal 1st order neurons?

Answer 1

Rods

Cones

Question 2

In wet AMD, the vascular membrane may form from?

Answer 2

Choroid

Question 3

Asymmetry of the cup disc ratio between two eyes is not significant
True or false?

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Glaucoma screening is important

True or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

A cup disc ratio of 0.3 is glaucoma

True or false?

Answer 5

False

Question 6

The degeneration of which photoreceptor in retinitis pigmentosa is worse?

Answer 6

Rods > cones

Question 7

Name the structures that pass through the superior orbital fissure

Answer 7

Lacrimal nn
Frontal nn
Trochlear nn
Superior ophthalmic vv
Nasociliary nn
Abducens nn
Oculomotor nn

Question 8

Distinctive presentation of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Answer 8

Purulent discharge

Question 9

Most common form of blindness in the West?

Answer 9

Cataracts

Question 10

Types of macular degeneration?

Answer 10

Wet

Dry

Question 11

Nerve supply and function of the superior oblique muscle

Answer 11

Trochlear nerve
Depression of the eye
Abduction of the eye

Question 12

Onset of wet AMD?

Answer 12

Sudden onset of visual disturbances

Question 13

Drusen deposits are found between?

Answer 13

RPE and Bruch’s membrane

Retina pigment epithelial cell atrophy is typical

Question 14

Typical non-pharmaceutical AMD treatment?

Answer 14

Oral antioxidant + mineral combinations

Question 15

Broad spectrum antibiotic for ocular infections?

Answer 15

Chloramphenicol

Question 16

Typical presentation of wet AMD?

Answer 16

Choroidal neovascularisation

Question 17

Typical pharmaceutical treatmet of AMD?

Answer 17

PDT

Anti-VEGF

Question 18

Distinctive symptom of dry AMD?

Answer 18

Central visual loss

Question 19

What is a cause of bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 19

Pituitary adenoma

Question 20

Distinctive symptom of wet AMD?

Answer 20

Metamorphopsia

Question 21

Treatment for blepharitis?

Answer 21

Topical antibiotics

Question 22

Herpes simplex keratitis lesion description and treatment

Answer 22

Dendritic ulcer with a terminal

Steroids

Question 23

Blurred optic disc margins are a sign of?

Answer 23

Papilloedema

Question 24

Features of glaucoma?

Answer 24

Visual field loss

Optic disc cupping

Question 25

Which AMD type has a worse prognosis?

Answer 25

Wet

Question 26

How does one screen for choroidal neovascularisation in wet AMD?

Answer 26

Flucrescein angiography

Question 27

What is the origin of the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 27

Internal carotid artery

Question 28

Risk factors for acute closed-angle glaucoma?

Answer 28

``` Analgesia Elderly Laser iridotomy Topical beta blockers (raise IOP) Systemic acetozolamide (raise IOP) Genetics Steroid use African people ```

Question 29

Anterior blephaitis presents with?

Answer 29

Eyelash scruff

Question 30

Risk factor for AMD?

Answer 30

Smoking

Question 31

Treatment for allergic conjnctivitis?

Answer 31

Levocabastine

Question 32

Most common type of pathogen of the eye?

Answer 32

Virus

Question 33

Sties are commonly caused by which micro-organism?

Answer 33

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 34

Viral conjunctivitis is commonly caused by?

Answer 34

Adenovirus

Question 35

What are the retinal 2nd order neurons?

Answer 35

Bipolar neurons | Horizontal cells

Question 36

Glaucoma treatment

Answer 36

Trabeculotomy (create channel in angle of ant chamber)

Question 37

What can drainage as treatment in glaucoma cause?

Answer 37

Cataract formation

Question 38

Treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis?

Answer 38

Parenteral antibiotics

Question 39

Common cause of posterior blepharitis?

Answer 39

Blocked meibomian gland

Question 40

Cause of bacterial eye infection in children?

Answer 40

Haemophilus influenza

Question 41

Which types of glaucoma are difficult to treat?

Answer 41

Secondary | Congenital

Question 42

Name of the space anterior to the lens?

Answer 42

Posterior chamber

Question 43

Primary open angle glaucoma makes up what percentage of glaucoma cases?

Answer 43

Around 33%