2016 M/C Flashcards by Anna Woods

The main genetic material of a virus comprises of

a) either RNA or DNA
b) both RNA and DNA
c) prions
d) nucleocapsids

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Microorganisms that grow ONLY in the presence of oxygen are called

a) anaerobes
b) aerobes
c) obligateaerobes
d) obligate anaerobes

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Bacterial flagella, capsule, haemolysin, exotoxin and coagulase are examples of

a) toxigenic factors
b) infections
c) avirulencefactors
d) virulence factors

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Examples of pathogenic protozoa are
a) Salmonella & Treponema
b) Toxoplasma & Giardia
c) Rickettsia&Chlamydia
d) Saccharomyces cerevisiae & Amoeba

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Penicillin acts on bacteria by
a) damaging the plasma membrane of the bacteria
b) inhibiting protein synthesis within the bacteria
c) inhibiting cell wall synthesis of the bacteria
d) inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis within the bacteria

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Prokaryotic cells do NOT have

a) ribosomes
b) a cytoplasmic membrane
c) mitochondria
d) peptidoglycan

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Protein units that make up the viral capsid coat are called

a) capsules
b) virions
c) capsomeres
d) cysts

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Bacterial cells reproduce by the process called

a) meiosis
b) binary fission
c) mitosis
d) schizogany

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The recent outbreak of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone could be best termed a/an

a) pandemic
b) epidemic
c) endemic
d) peridemic

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A toxoid vaccine consists of a
a) live, non-virulent bacteria
b) live, virulent virus
c) killedbacteria
d) detoxified exotoxin

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An example of a monosaccharide is

a) fructose
b) sucrose
c) lactose
d) amylose

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Jack, 21, is not an athlete and weighs 80 kilograms. The RDI for protein for Jack would be
a) 34g

b) 42g
c) 67g
d) 84g

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If an essential amino acid is unavailable for protein synthesis, the cell will
a) make the amino acid
b) stop synthesising the protein
c) continuetoattachaminoacidstotheprotein
d) try to store the partially completed protein for completion later

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Omega-3 fatty acids
a) are monounsaturated fatty acids
b) have qualities that protect against heart disease
c) canbesynthesisedbythebodyifnottakeninthediet d) are mainly found in animal fats

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Lipoproteins are important for
a) transportation of lipids in the blood
b) synthesis of triglycerides

c) synthesisofadiposetissue
d) production of enzymes

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A vitamin synthesised by bacteria in the intestine is

a) retinol
b) calciferol
c) tocopherol
d) menadione

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Increased basal metabolic rate is caused by a) increased age
b) increased fat mass
c) increased muscle mass
d) fasting

The statement about fibre that is TRUE is
a) lettuce, milk and fish are high in dietary fibre
b) fibre is fermented by bacteria in the small intestine
c) fibrehelpspreventobesitybydecreasingdietaryfatabsorption
d) some fibre components may help prevent coronary heart disease by
decreasing cholesterol absorption

NAD and FAD are derived from the following two vitamins

a) thiamine and folate
b) niacin and riboflavin
c) cobalaminandpyridoxine
d) ascorbic acid and beta-carotene

Cholesterol is NOT an energy molecule but is important to the body because it
a) is a stabilising component of the plasma membranes and is the parent
molecule of steroid hormones
b) helps to provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs
c) helps to mobilise fats during periods of starvation
d) enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered

A redox reaction can best be described as a chemical reaction where

a) all changes are irreversible
b) small molecules combine to form larger ones
c)energy contained in the product exceeds the energy of reactants
d) electrons are both lost and gained

Energy contained in the molecular structure of food is an example of
a) kinetic energy
b) electrical energy
c) chemicalenergy
d) both chemical energy and potential energy

The series of chemical reactions which break down acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria is called
a) glycolysis
b) beta-oxidation
c) Kreb’scycle
d) electron transport

Carbohydrate taken into the body is NOT used for

a) ATP production
b) lipogenesis
c) conversiontoanucleicacid
d) glycogenesis

Gluconeogenesis a) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose to glycogen for storage b) produces glucose from glycerol, lactate and specific amino acids c) takesplaceinhepatocytesandmyocytes d) increases during the absorptive state

Normal values for sodium and potassium ions within the blood plasma are 139-146 mmol/L and 3.5-4.9 mmol/L, respectively. A diagnosis of “hypokalaemia” indicates a patient has a a) sodium ion concentration above 146 mmol/L b) potassium ion concentration below 3.5 mmol/L c) sodiumionconcentrationbelow139mmol/L d) potassium ion concentration above 4.9 mmol/L

Medicinal suspensions are administered to people a) either orally or intravenously b) orally only c) intravenouslyonly d) orally if they have been allowed to stand for some time

Vasodilators a) decrease blood pressure by increasing the diameter of blood vessels b) increase blood pressure by increasing the diameter of blood vessels c) decrease blood pressure by decreasing the diameter of blood vessels d) increase blood pressure by decreasing the diameter of blood vessels

The heat transfer methods by which the body both gains and loses heat are a) conduction, convection and evaporation b) convection, radiation and conduction c) conduction,evaporationandradiation d) convection, radiation and evaporation

The threshold of microshock that can cause ventricular fibrillation is a) 1Amp b) 1mA c) 10mA d) 100 mA

The following that is NOT a universal property of a neuron is a) excitability b) myelin sheath c) secretion d) dendrites

A strong acid, such as hydrochloric A=acid in the stomach, will a) completely dissociate into ions b) stay strongly bound together and not dissociate into ions c) haveahighpHvalue d) cause alkalosis

Atherosclerosis a) increases turbulent blood flow b) increases laminar blood flow c) increases blood vessel diameter d) both a) and c) are correct

A 0.9% sodium chloride solution (NaCl) is isotonic with blood plasma. The solution that would cause red blood cells to crenate is a) 0.5% NaCl b) 5% glucose c) 2.5%glucose d) 10% NaCl

For the chemical reaction: C6H12O6 + 6O2→ 6CO2 + 6H2O, the substrates are a) glucose and oxygen b) fatty acid and oxygen c) carbon dioxide and water d) carbonic acid and water

The DNA sequence ATT is important because it codes for a) a stop codon b) methionine,the start codon c) an exon d) adenine

Transcription for a protein takes place in a cell’s a) cytoplasm b) nucleus c) smooth ER d) rough ER

If two parents are homozygous for a genetically inherited recessive trait, the probability that they will have a child who does NOT have this trait in his or her phenotype is a) 75% b) 50% c) 25% d) 0%

The fact that monozygotic twins do not have identical phenotypes despite the fact that they may look alike is an indication that their a) genotypes are not identical b) phenotypes are a result of both the genotype and environmental influences c) phenotypes are not in anyway due to their genotypes d) genotypes determine all of their phenotypes

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments on the basis of size. The statement that is CORRECT when describing this is a) small fragments of DNA move faster through the gel and so will be furthest away from the well b) large fragments of DNA move faster through the gel and so will be furthest away from the well c) small fragments of DNA move faster through the gel and so will be closest to the well d) large fragments of DNA move faster through the gel and so will be closest to the well