2017 Chemistry Final Flashcards by Tyler Altholz

This layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer.

Stratosphere

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What is acid rain? (Include pH, names and formulas of the acids responsible for acid rain).

pH < 5.6. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Sulfurous acid (H2SO3), Nitric acid (HNO3), and Nitrous acid (HNO2)

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Hydrogen bonds are formed between hydrogen and these elements:____

N, O, and F

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When a compound is formed by 2 elements, its name will end in this:

-ide

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Pressure is measured by this instrument:

Barometer

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The volume of liquids is measured in this type of lab equipment:

Graduated cylinder

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What is an aqueous solution with a high OH- concentration?

A base

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Hexane and water will not mix. What type of bond makes hexane?

Hexane is made of non-polar covalent bonds which are not soluble in water which is polar.

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How many molecules in one mol of H2SO4?

6.02*10^23 molecules

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Give 3 properties of gases.

Here are four:

Compressible
Low density
Fluid
Fills their container

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Define activated complex

An unstable structure that represents the transition between the breaking of old bonds and the formation of new bonds.

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Define surface tension.

Cohesion of the water molecules due to hydrogen bonding

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List 3 properties of water that are unexpectedly different due to hydrogen bonding.

Higher boiling points
Low vapor pressure
High surface tension

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Define solution and give 2 examples.

A mixture between a solvent and a solute.

Salt water
CuSO4
Gasoline
Air

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What is the molar volume of any gas at STP?

22.4 L

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In a chemical reaction, if the heat content of the reactants is less than that of the products, would the reaction be exothermic or endothermic?

Endothermic

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Name 2 of the most common gases in our atmosphere and give their percentages

N2 = 78%
O2 = 21%

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Which elements are diatomic?

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Name five things that affect reaction rate.

Nature of the reactants
Temperature
Concentration
Surface area
Catalyst

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Define calorie.

The amount of energy to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius

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States Charles’ Law

Temperature is directly proportional to volume (V1/T1) = (V2/T2)

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Write the chemical name for FeCl2

Iron (II) Chloride

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Write the formula for Barium Nitrate

Ba(NO3)2

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What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?

Saturated has no double C=C bonds, while unsaturated fats have at least 1 double C=C bond

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What is meant by products and reactants?

Products are formed when reactants react

What are 5 basic types of reactions?

1. Single replacement 2. Double replacement 3. Decomposition 4. Synthesis 5. Combustion

What 2 products are always formed in the combustion of a hydrocarbon?

1. Water (H2O) | 2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Which side of the arrow will the energy term be placed when representing an exothermic reaction and what sign will the (delta)H be?

Product side. (Delta)H is negative.

What is activation energy?

The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur.

If (delta)H is negative, is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?

Exothermic.

What factors affect equilibrium?

1. Concentration 2. Temperature 3. Pressure

Give the definition for Buffer system.

A buffer consists of a weak acid and base and resists the change in pH with small additions of an acid or base.

Differentiate between an unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solution.

Unsaturated solution will dissolve more solute. Saturated solution will not dissolve more solute. Supersaturated solution will crystalize when more solute is added.

Define an alloy and give an example

An alloy is a solution between 2 solids 1. Brass 2. Bronze 3. Steel

Orange juice with pulp is this type of mixture.

Suspension

What part of a CFC molecule is harmful to the ozone layer? Why?

Chlorine is harmful because it reacts with O2 to form atmospheric oxygen. It catalyzes the destruction of the ozone layer.

Define pressure.

Pressure = Force/Unit area

What are the products of a neutralization reaction?

Water and salt ex. HCl + NaOH --> H2O + NaCl

Define catalyst.

A substance that speeds up a reaction without getting used up

Name the factor that affects solubility.

Temperature

When is chemical equilibrium reached?

When the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.

On a scale of 1 to 10, how well are you going to do on this test?

Define heat

The degree of temperature being transferred from water to cool subtance

Define temperature

amount of kinetic energy in substance

What is the name of Ca(ClO3)2?

Calcium chlorate

What is the name of MnO2

Manganese (IV) oxide

What is the name of CCl4

Carbon tetrachloride

What is the name of KMnO4

Potassium Permanganate

What are the values for standard temperature and standard pressure when it comes to gas laws?

0 C and 273 K | 1 atm and 101.325 kPa

Define specific heat

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 C.

Define molar volume.

The volume of 1 mole of gas at STP.

What type of bond would you expect in MgCl2?

Ionic

What type of bond would you expect in N2

Non-polar covalent

What type of bond would you expect in NO2

Polar covalent

Define ionic bonds

1. Transfers electrons 2. Electronegativity difference is > 1.7 3. Between a metal atom and non-metal ion

Define covalent bonds

1. Shares electrons 2. Electronegativity difference is < 1.7 3. Between 2 non-metals

Is orange juice a homogeneous substance, heterogenous substance, or pure substance?

Heterogeneous substance

Name 6 properties of acids

1. Reacts with carbonates to form CO2 2. Neutralizes bases 3. Turn blue litmus paper red 4. Tastes sour 5. pH < 7.0 6. React with metals to form H2

Name 5 properties of bases.

1. Slippery 2. Tastes bitter 3. Neutralizes acids 4. pH > 7.0 5. Turns red litmus paper blue.

Define enthalpy

The total energy of a system at constant pressure.

State Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure.

The total pressure of a system is equal to the sum of the individual pressures in the sample.

Differentiate between a polar and non-polar molecule.

Polar molecules have an unequal distribution of charges while there is equal distribution in non-polar molecules.

Define entropy

The tendency towards more disorder.

Define standard solution

Solution of known concentration Ex). 5 M of HCl or 1 M of NaOH.

End point

The point where the indicator for the acid-base titration changes color.

Acid-base titration

A means of determining the unknown concentration of a solution by using a standard solution. A standard solution is a solution of known concentration.

Name 5 green houses gases and explain how they maintain our ecosystem.

1. CO2 2. CH4 3. H2O 4. CFCs 5. N2O

Name NH3

Ammonia

Name CH4

Methane

Name HCl

hydrochloric acid

Name H2SO4

Sulfuric acid

2017 Chemistry Final Flashcards

(71 cards)