Solutions Unit Vocabulary (Quiz on 02-06)

Question 1

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 1

A weak interaction that forms between polar covalent molecules containing a hydrogen atom (with a partial positive charge) and a more electronegative atom (fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen). This is an intermolecular bond.

Question 2

Surface Tension

Answer 2

The inward pull that tends to minimize the surface area of a liquid.

Question 3

Surfactant

Answer 3

Decreases the surface tension of water.

Question 4

Emulsifier

Answer 4

A substance that stabilizes an emulsion, in particular, a food additive used to stabilize processed foods.

Question 5

Emulsion

Answer 5

A mixture of two liquids that is normally unmixable.

Question 6

Solute

Answer 6

The substance being dissolved.

Question 7

Soluble

Answer 7

When a substance is able to dissolve into a liquid (ex. NaCl and water).

Question 8

Insoluble

Answer 8

When a substance cannot dissolve into a liquid (ex. sand and water).

Question 9

Miscible

Answer 9

One liquid dissolves in another liquid (ex. Ice tea and lemonade).

Question 10

Immiscible

Answer 10

Two liquids that cannot be mixed (ex. oil and water).

Question 11

Electrolyte

Answer 11

Compounds that conduct electricity in an aqueous solution.

Question 12

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 12

Compounds that do not conduct an electric current in an aqueous solution or the molten state.

Question 13

Saturated Solution

Answer 13

Contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.

Question 14

Unsaturated Solution

Answer 14

When more of the solute can be dissolved.

Question 15

Dilute

Answer 15

Contains a small amount of solute compared to solvent.

Question 16

Concentrated

Answer 16

Contains a large amount of solute compared to solvent.

Question 17

Molarity

Answer 17

Expresses the concentration of a solution. Moles of solute / liters of solution.

Question 18

Intermolecular bond

Answer 18

A weak bond between molecules, NOT atoms.

Question 19

Intramolecular bond

Answer 19

A strong bond that holds atoms together forming a molecule or compound.

Question 20

Ionic bonds

Answer 20

Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another atom. They are made between a metal and a nonmetal.

Question 21

Non-polar covalent

Answer 21

An equal attraction for the shared electrons, which results in an equal distribution of charge throughout the molecule. This bond is symmetrical.

Question 22

Polar Covalent

Answer 22

An unequal attraction for the shared electrons, which creates an unequal distribution of charge in the molecule. The higher electronegative element is partially negative and the lower electronegative element is partially positive. This is known as a dipole.

Question 23

Alloy

Answer 23

Homogeneous mixture between two solids

Question 24

Suspension

Answer 24

A heterogeneous mixture that settles upon sitting (shake before use)

Question 25

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 25

The mixed substances are not the same throughout.

Question 26

Covalent bond

Answer 26

Attractive forces that are produced by the sharing of electrons. They are made between 2 nonmetals (and hydrogen).

Question 27

Vapor Pressure

Answer 27

Occurs from molecules escaping the liquid state into a gas.

Question 28

Hard Water

Answer 28

Water that contains dissolved mineral ions, specifically Mg(2+), Fe(2+), and Ca(2+).

Question 29

Soft Water

Answer 29

Treated water in which the only dissolved mineral is Na(+1).

Question 30

Solvent

Answer 30

The substance that did not change phase and did the dissolving.

Question 31

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 31

Another name for a solution.

Question 32

Aqueous solution

Answer 32

Water samples containing dissolved substances.