2018 biological diversity Flashcards
what type of microscope can be used to view mitosis
a light microscope can be used
state roles of mitosis in multicellular organisms
-growth
-tissue repair
-asexual reproduction
-production of new stem cells
-development of body plan
-proiferlation of wbcs
state reasons why one species may be increasing
-other species may have overlapping niches
-competitive exclusion
-increases as food/ resources are available
-little competition/ limiting factors
with ref to selective breeding, why is it important to maintain wild populations
-genetic variation
-genetic resource/ gene bank
-source of useful alleles
-can be cross bred with crop varieties
-allows introduction of different traits
- unknown future requirements
-potentially useful in changing climate
-prevention of inbreeding depression
-promotion of hybrid vigour
-prevent dwindelling gene pool
-source of replacement if cultivated pop is in danger
why should a student use a tube with more visible growth curves
-more colonies
-anomalies have smaller effect
-more representative/ larger sample
-fewer serial dilutions reduces the chance of error
standard deviation of error bars are not the same as the range
state the likely causes of variation in a population
-environment
-genes/ environment
many genes/ polygenic
-age
state one way in which genetic diversity can be measured
-genetic polymorphism
-proportion of heterozygotes
-proportion of gene variants
explain why genetic bottleneck can lead to a low genetic diversity
many alleles lost when populations dropped
modern population descended from a few survivors
explain why genetic drift is likely to be of concern in a population of 100 cheetahs
-one individual or allele has a proportionally higher effect on small population
-more likely that alleles will be lost from pop
-pop more vulnerable/ more likely to become extinct due to environmental change
how could one species evolve from another due to movement to a isolated island
-allopatric speciation
-different selection pressure/ environmental conditions
-random mutation
-individuals with mutation survive/ reproduce
-beneficial alleles passed on
-directional selection
what are the conditions needed for speciation to occur
-isolated population
-time
-mutation/ genetic diversity
-natural/ directional selection
-environment selection pressure is different from other population
how could bioinformatics be used to increase the effectiveness of a vaccination programme
facilitates the access of large amounts of data
facilitates access to data on DNA and proteins
-format of information is universal
-can identify source of outbreak
-can identify vulnerable pops
why are certain bacteria more common in certain areas
-adapted to occupy niche/ environment
-outcompete other bacteria/ species
-selective agents
