Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lucy Knox - Year 1 > 124 - Vaccination > Flashcards

124 - Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

What are the absolute contraindications of giving a vaccine?

A

Confirmed anaphylaxis to previous dose or another component contained in the vaccine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What relative contraindications to a vaccine are there?

A
  • With a live vaccine: steroid/immunocompromised

- During pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When could a vaccine be deferred?

A

NOT for a minor illness without fever

Consider postponing if:

  • acutely unwell with fever/systemic upset
  • Evolving neurological condition

(to avoid wrongly contributing symptoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What common worries are NOT contraindications to vaccine?

A

Asthma, Eczema, Hay fever (or family history)
Febrile convulsions or epilepsy (or family history)
Previous local adverse reaction
Previous systemic adverse reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a local adverse reaction?

A

Few hours after injection
Mild + self limiting
Pain, swelling, redness at site of injection
- should be anticipated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a systemic adverse reaction?

A

Fever, myalgia, malaise, irritability, headache, loss of appetite
Varies on onset - a few days - a week later.
- Not harmful - should be anticipated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which vaccines are live attenuated?

A 
MMR
BCG
Yellow fever
rotavirus
Influenza (nasal spray)
Shingels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which vaccines are dead / inactivated?

A 
Diphtheria, Tetanus, Polio..
MenC
Pneumococcal
HPV
Influenza (injected)
Hep A + B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 months old. Febrile convulsion previously. Vaccinate?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Man, heart transplant 2 years ago, on Cyclosporin, Wants yellow fever. Vaccinate?

A

No. Cyclosporin is immunosupressant, yellow fever live.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Child has accident with Hep B infected needle. Child has runny nose + slight temp. Vaccinate?

A

Yes - even with fever needs urgent preventative dose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1 year old, comes for routine vaccinations, is ill - runny nose, conjunctivitis ,cough, fever, small spots on face, blotchy red rash. vaccinate?

A

Delay - child currently has measles - deal with that first.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nurse, 8 weeks pregnant, wants BCG. vaccinate?

A

Delay - always try avoid in pregnancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Man needs 2nd Hep A vaccine dose, last time had redness over whole of upper arm. Vaccinate?

A

Yes - normal to have a reaction - not true anaphylaxis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Women comes in for MMR. Has asthma treated with inhaled steroids. Vaccinate?

A

Yes - inhaled steroids aren’t immunosuppressants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Child recently been having fits, undiagnosed, developmental regression. Comes for normal vaccine schedule. vaccinate?

A

Delay - until diagnosis found.

17
Q

What are the 4 main techniques of medical microbiology?

A

Culture - get sensitivities
Microscopy
Serology (immunological)
Molecular

18
Q

What is virurlance?

A

The relative capacity of a microbe to cause disease.

Can be expressed as number of cells necessary

19
Q

What is pathogenicity?

A

The ability ti cause damage to a host.

20
Q

What may a bacteria have to improve its virulance?

A

Structural:

  • Adherence factors
  • Motility

Evade host defence

  • Antiphagocytic
  • Anticomplement

Gene expression:

  • Invasion factor
  • exotoxin production
  • Enzyme production
21
Q

What are exotoxins?

A 
Produced by gm -ve and +ve bacteria
toxins
Produced from plasmid DNA
High molecular weight polypeptides
relatively unstable
22
Q

What are endotoxins?

A

Produced by Gm -ve only.
From cell wall - released when wall damaged
More stable
Not as toxic
Cause problems due to immune response activation.

23
Q

What is LPS?

A

Lipopolysaccharide - an endotoxin

24
Q

What are the different ways exotoxins can cause damage?

A

Cell/tissue degrading enzymes (proteases..)
Toxins that alter cell signalling (cholera, anthrax)
Neurotoxins ( botulism)
Superantigens (staph aureus)

25
Q

How to exotoxins directly effect a cell?

A

Membrane acting - interfeer with signal transduction
Membrane disrupting - pore forming, enzymatic toxins
Intracellularly acting - penetrate into cell by injection or AB toxins ‘curl’ in.

26
Q

Which cells are antigen presenting cells?

A

Dendritic cells
MAcrophages
B lymphocytes

27
Q

Where do B cells develop?

A

Bone marrow - then activated to mature B cell in spleen

28
Q

Where do T cells develop?

A

Bone marrow - mature in the Thalmus

29
Q

What types of T cell develop?

A

CD4+ T helper cell - activated MHC class II (presents exogenous protein - antigens from bacterial source)

  • Th1 -> cellular response
  • Th2 -> humoral response
CD8+ Cytoxic T cells - activated by MHC class I (endogenous proteins, from inside a cell)
Induce apoptosis of infected cell
30
Q

How does a T cell mature/be activated?

A

Must be presented with MHC and Antigen - co-stimulation

31
Q

How does a B cell get activated?

A

By an antigen presenting cell
- Th cell - when a B cell matches the antigen it releases IL-4 - stimulates proliferation.
By antigen alone rarely

Lucy Knox - Year 1 (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions