20.2 Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

The brainstem is divided into 3 parts: ___, ___ and ___.

A

Midbrain (rostral), pons and medulla oblongata (caudal).

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2
Q

Looking at the anterior/ventral aspect of the brainstem - the superior boundary is at the ___ ___ and the inferior boundary is the ___ ___.

A

Mamillary bodies

Pyramidal decussation

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3
Q

The pyramidal decussation (not visible macroscopically) is where ___ fibre tracts controlling ___ function cross the midline.

A

White
Motor!
Remember that motor control is ventral - so it makes sense that the pyramidal decussation is on the ventral side of brainstem/medulla.

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4
Q

Dorsal brain stem - midbrain:

The superior colliculi are important for ___ movements, and the inferior colliculi are a relay for ___.

A

Eye

Hearing

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5
Q

Dorsal brain stem - medulla:

This is where the ___ columns and nuclei are located.

A

Dorsal

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6
Q

Ventral brain stem - midbrain:

On the ventral aspect of the midbrain are the ___ ___.

A

Mamillary bodies.

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7
Q

Ventral brain stem - midbrain:

The cerebral ___ join the midbrain to the cerebrum.

A

Peduncles

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8
Q

The pons is connected to the cerebellum dorsolaterally by the ___ ___.

A

Cerebellar peduncles

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9
Q

Ventral brain stem - medulla:
There are two bumps on the lateral sides of the medulla, these are the ___ ___ nuclei, important for localisation of ___.

A

Inferior olivary nuclei

Localisation of sound

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10
Q

Tectum refers to the ___ ___ and ___ ___, and forms the roof of the ___ ventricle.
It is ONLY in the ___ (part of brainstem).

A

Superior colliculi and inferior colliculi

Forms roof of the 4th ventricle

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11
Q

The tegmentum is continuous with the ___ ___ and contains cranial nerves and the ___ formation.

A

Spinal cord

Reticular

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12
Q

The basis or basilar pons is important for descending ___ control.

A

Motor

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13
Q

In cross-section approx. 1/2 of the brainstem is for ___ nerves and ___ formation (tegmentum), and 1/2 of the brainstem is for ___ control (basis).

A
Cranial nerves and reticular formation
Motor control (ventral)
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14
Q

There is NO ___ dermatome.

A

C1

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15
Q

Cranial nerves ___ to ___ exit the brainstem.

A

3 to 12

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16
Q

Of cranial nerves 3 to 12, all exit the ventral surface except CN ___

A

4 - trochlear nerve.

17
Q

CNs ___, ___, and ___ control eye movement (pure motor).

CNs ___ and ___ control shoulders and tongue (pure motor).

A

3, 4, 6 for eye movement.

11 and 12 for shoulders and tongue.

18
Q

CNs ___, ___ and ___ are sensory ONLY.

A

1, 2 and 8

Smell, sight, hearing and balance

19
Q

CNs ___, ___, ___ and ___ are MIXED!

A

5, 7, 9 and 10.

20
Q

Cranial nerve nuclei are adjacent to the ___ system.

21
Q

Sensory nuclei develop from the ___ plate.

22
Q

Motor nuclei develop from the ___ plate.

23
Q

As the ventricular system develops, the ___ plate is pushed to the sides. Therefore the ___ nuclei are more lateral and the ___ nuclei (from the ___ plate) are more medial.

A

Alar
Sensory
Motor
Basal

24
Q

Nuclei in brainstem are located in ___ columns.
The ___ motor columns are:
The ___ sensory columns are:

A

6
3 motor columns - general somatic motor, branchial motor, general visceral.
3 sensory columns - general and special visceral, general somatic, special somatic.

25
CNs ___/___/___/___ exit the pons. | Their nuclei are in the pons.
5/6/7/8 You can figure out which nuclei are most medial and which is most lateral in the pons. Remember motor is medial and sensory is lateral. So the pure motor nerve is 6 abducens - it is most medial. The pure sensory nerve is 8 vestibulocochlear - it is most lateral. 5 is mostly sensory - so it is next lateral. 7 is mostly motor - so it is next medial.
26
The rostral reticular formation (in midbrain and pons) in the tegmentum is important in maintaining a ____ state.
Conscious/alert | Function is more like brain (c.f. caudal RF more like spinal cord).
27
The caudal reticular formation (in medulla) in the tegmentum is important for motor ___ and autonomic functions.
Reflexes | Function is more like spinal cord (c.f. rostral RF more like brain).
28
Describe the path of the corticospinal tract.
From motor cortex -> through cerebral peduncles -> through ventral brain stem i.e. basis! -> crosses over at pyramidal decussation (most caudal part of brainstem) -> down to muscles.
29
The dorsal half of the brainstem is for ___ ___ nuclei and the ___ formation and the ventral half of the brainstem is for ___ control (the ___ tract).
``` CN nuclei and reticular formation Motor control (the corticospinal tract) ```
30
If the ___ is injured you will see coma or a change in consciousness because the ___ ___ formation maintains alert conscious state.
Midbrain | Rostral reticular formation