20.2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
The brainstem is divided into 3 parts: ___, ___ and ___.
Midbrain (rostral), pons and medulla oblongata (caudal).
Looking at the anterior/ventral aspect of the brainstem - the superior boundary is at the ___ ___ and the inferior boundary is the ___ ___.
Mamillary bodies
Pyramidal decussation
The pyramidal decussation (not visible macroscopically) is where ___ fibre tracts controlling ___ function cross the midline.
White
Motor!
Remember that motor control is ventral - so it makes sense that the pyramidal decussation is on the ventral side of brainstem/medulla.
Dorsal brain stem - midbrain:
The superior colliculi are important for ___ movements, and the inferior colliculi are a relay for ___.
Eye
Hearing
Dorsal brain stem - medulla:
This is where the ___ columns and nuclei are located.
Dorsal
Ventral brain stem - midbrain:
On the ventral aspect of the midbrain are the ___ ___.
Mamillary bodies.
Ventral brain stem - midbrain:
The cerebral ___ join the midbrain to the cerebrum.
Peduncles
The pons is connected to the cerebellum dorsolaterally by the ___ ___.
Cerebellar peduncles
Ventral brain stem - medulla:
There are two bumps on the lateral sides of the medulla, these are the ___ ___ nuclei, important for localisation of ___.
Inferior olivary nuclei
Localisation of sound
Tectum refers to the ___ ___ and ___ ___, and forms the roof of the ___ ventricle.
It is ONLY in the ___ (part of brainstem).
Superior colliculi and inferior colliculi
Forms roof of the 4th ventricle
The tegmentum is continuous with the ___ ___ and contains cranial nerves and the ___ formation.
Spinal cord
Reticular
The basis or basilar pons is important for descending ___ control.
Motor
In cross-section approx. 1/2 of the brainstem is for ___ nerves and ___ formation (tegmentum), and 1/2 of the brainstem is for ___ control (basis).
Cranial nerves and reticular formation Motor control (ventral)
There is NO ___ dermatome.
C1
Cranial nerves ___ to ___ exit the brainstem.
3 to 12
Of cranial nerves 3 to 12, all exit the ventral surface except CN ___
4 - trochlear nerve.
CNs ___, ___, and ___ control eye movement (pure motor).
CNs ___ and ___ control shoulders and tongue (pure motor).
3, 4, 6 for eye movement.
11 and 12 for shoulders and tongue.
CNs ___, ___ and ___ are sensory ONLY.
1, 2 and 8
Smell, sight, hearing and balance
CNs ___, ___, ___ and ___ are MIXED!
5, 7, 9 and 10.
Cranial nerve nuclei are adjacent to the ___ system.
Ventricular
Sensory nuclei develop from the ___ plate.
Alar
Motor nuclei develop from the ___ plate.
Basal
As the ventricular system develops, the ___ plate is pushed to the sides. Therefore the ___ nuclei are more lateral and the ___ nuclei (from the ___ plate) are more medial.
Alar
Sensory
Motor
Basal
Nuclei in brainstem are located in ___ columns.
The ___ motor columns are:
The ___ sensory columns are:
6
3 motor columns - general somatic motor, branchial motor, general visceral.
3 sensory columns - general and special visceral, general somatic, special somatic.