20.4 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Drugs of dependence increase ___ in the ___ ___.
Dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.
What are the two overlapping classes of CNS stimulants:
Stimulants and psychotomimetics (hallucinogens, psychedelics).
Stimulants e.g. amphetamine, cocaine -> excitement and euphoria and reduces fatigue.
Psychotomimetics e.g. LSD -> affects thought patterns and perception.
Ecstasy is both a ___ and a ___
Stimulant and a psychotomimetic
Cocaine inhibits ___ of NA from synapse
Uptake
Amphetamine enters the presynaptic terminal and ___ NA from ___ ___
Displaces NA from synaptic vesicles
Both cocaine and amphetamine cross the ___
BBB!
Amphetamine releases NA as well as ___ and ___ in the CNS!
DA - dopamine
5-HT - serotonin
These are likely more important in CNS effects
Caffeine belongs to the drug class of ___ - it is an ___ antagonist and ___ inhibitor, so it affects transmission beyond NA/DA/5-HT
Methylxanthine
Adenosine antagonist and phosphodiesterase inhibitor
LSD or ___ ___ ___ is a ___
Lysergic acid diethylamide
Psychotomimetic
In the CNS, LSD is an agonist at ___ receptors.
5-HT2
MDMA (ecstasy) releases ___ and ___, but NOT ___
Dopamine and serotonin
NOT noradrenaline
Major CNS depressants include ___ and ___
Cannabis and ethanol
The active component of cannabis is ___
Δ-9-THC - tetrahydrocannabinol
Cannabinoid receptors: CB1 is in ___ and ___ ___, and CB2 is ___.
CB1 is central - brain and spinal cord
CB2 is peripheral
The cannabinoid receptors are ___ -> activation leads to ___ of adenylate cyclase and ___ of transmission.
GPCRs
Inhibition of adenylate cyclase -> inhibition of transmission.
Cannabis inhibits ___ergic effects -> ___ dopamine firing -> reward!
Inhibits GABAergic effects -> increases dopamine firing -> reward.
Effects of ethanol:
Inhibit Ca2+ channel opening Enhance GABA action Inhibit glutamate (excitatory) receptors (NMDA channel)
Effects of cannabis or ethanol are ___ (i.e. depend on the person…)
Subjective!
