202 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Diazepam
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Anxiolytic- Benzodiazapine
Action:
- Indirect GABA-a agonist
Side effects:
- Sedation
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Anxiety
Indications
- Panic disorder
- GAD
- Anaesthesia
- Insomnia
Chlorpromazine
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indication
Typical antipsychotic
Action
- D2 receptor antagonist
- Inhibits positive symptoms of psychosis
Side effects:
- Parkinsonism
- Sedation
- Weight gain
Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Psychosis
- Mania
Haloperidol
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indication
Typical antipsychotic
Action
- D2 antagonist–> More potent than Chlorpromazine
Side effects:
- Parkinsonism
- EPS
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Hypotensiin
Risperidone
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indication
Atypical antipsychotic
Action
- Dopamine receptor antagonism
- Serotonin receptor antagonism
Side effects
- EPS
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Weight gain
Indication
- Schizophrenia and psychosis
- Mania
- Bipolar
Clozapine
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Atypical antipsychotic
Mechanism:
D4 receptor antagonist
- Specific to cortex
Side effects:
- Tremor
- Drowsiness
- Postural hypotension [dose-related]
- Weight gain
- Hyperglycaemia
- Hypersalivation
Indications:
- Psychosis in schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease
Lithium
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Indications
- Mania
- Bipolar
- Recurrent depression
Amitriptyline
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Antidepressant
Indications:
- Major depressive disorder
- Abdominal pain
- Neuropathic pain
Fluoxetine
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor [SSRI]
- Antidepressant
Mechanism
- Limits reabsorption of serotonin into the presynaptic cell
- Increases availability of serotonin in synaptic cleft
Indications:
- Major depression
- PTSD, PD, GAD
- OCD
Side effects:
- Memory loss
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Headache
- Reduced sexual function and libido
Paracetamol
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Analgesic
Mechanism
- Selectively inhibits COX enzyme in the brain
- Possibly works on descending modulatory mechanisms
Indications:
- Mild to moderate pain relief
Side effects:
- Overdose= hepatotoxicity
Ibuprofen
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Analgesic, NSAID
Mechanism:
- Non-selective COX enzyme inhibitor
Indications:
- Migraine
- Mild to moderate pain
- Pyrexia
- Rheumatic disease
Side effects
- Long term= GI irritation
Morphine
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Analgesic, opiate
Mechanism:
- Phenanthrene opioid receptor agonist
- Activates the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) in the central nervous system
Indications:
- Acute and chronic pain
- Myocardial infarct
- Acute pulmonary oedema’-
Pizotifen
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Antihistamine/ antiserotonin agent
Mechanism:
- Serotonin receptor antagonist
Indications:
- Migraines
- Cluster headaches
Side effects:
- Weight gain/ increase in appetite
- Drowsiness
- Dry mouth
- Nausea
Carbamazepine
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Na+ channel blocker
Mechanism
- Binds to voltage gated Na+ channels when inactivated
- Decreases excitability of plasma membrane
Indications:
- Tonic-clonic seizures
- Trigeminal neuropathy
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Mood stabiliser
Side effects:
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Headaches
- Hyponatraemia
Sodium valproate
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Antiepileptic drug
Mechanism:
- Voltage gated Na+ channel blocker
- Increases GABA levels in the brain
Indications:
- Epilepsy
Side effects:
- Nausea
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Teratogenic
Phenobarbitone / Phenobarbital
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Antiepileptic
Mechanism:
- GABA receptor agonist = decreases excitability of cell.
Indications:
- Epilepsy
Side effects:
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Ataxia
Phenytoin
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Antiepileptic
Mechanism:
- Blocks voltage-gated Na+ channels
Indications:
- Tonic-clonic seizures
- Focal seizures
Side effects
- Nausea
- Reduction in appeptite
- Headache
- Drowsiness
Ropinirole
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Dopamine agonist
Mechanism:
- D2,3,4 receptor agonist
- Increases dopaminergic functions
Indications:
- Parkinson
- Restless leg syndrome
Side effects:
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Compulsive gambling
Levodopa
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Amino acid- precursor of dopamine
- Increases dopamine levels in the brain
Indications
- Parkinson’s disease
Side effects:
- Hallucinations
- Nausea
- Hypotension [high dose]
Selegiline
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Selective irreversible monoamino oxidase-B inhibitor
- In nigrostriatal pathway
- Increases dopamine availability in synaptic cleft
Indications:
- Parkinson’s disease
Side effects
- Hallucinations
- Confusion
- Nausea
Entacapone
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Reversible COMT [catechol-o-methyltransferase] inhibitor
- Prevents inactivation of dopamine
- Increases availability of DA in the synaptic cleft
Indications:
- Parkinson’s disease
Side effects
- Diarrhea
- Dry mouth
- Nausea
Donepezil
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor
- Prevents hydrolysis of acetylcholine
Indications:
- Dementia in Alzheimer’s disease
Side effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhoea
- Vomiting
Lidocaine
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Local anaesthetic
Mechanism:
- Inactivates voltage-gated Na+ channels
- Decreases excitability of neuronal cells
Indications:
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Ventricular arrhythmia
- Anaesthesia
- Nerve pain
- Pain relief
Propofol [Diprivan]
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Anaesthetic
Mechanism:
- Slows GABA receptor closing time—> GABA-alpha receptor positive allosteric modulator
- Acts as GABA-alpha agonist at high doses
Indications:
- Anaesthesia [inducing/ maintaining]
- Sedation
Side effects
- Painful to inject
- Low BP
- Depression of cardiorespiratory function
Naloxone [Narcan]
- Drug type
- Mechanism of action
- Common side effects
- Indications
Opioid antagonist
- Non selective opioid receptor antagonist
Indications:
- Overdose with opioid
- Reversal of post-op respiratory depression
