20.2 Stem Cells And Totipotency Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 20.2 Stem Cells And Totipotency Deck (23)
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1
Q

Cell differentiation definition

A

Process by which each cell develops into a specialised structure suited to the role that it will carry out

2
Q

What are totipotent cells?

A

Cells which can mature into any body cell

3
Q

What are 2 ways in which genes are prevented from expressing themselves

A
  • preventing transcription

- preventing translation

4
Q

What are totipotent stem cells?

A

Can differentiate into any type of cell

5
Q

What are pluripotent stem cells?

A

Can differentiate into almost any type of cell

6
Q

What are multipotent stem cells?

A

Can differentiate into a limited number of specialised cells

7
Q

What are unipotent stem cells?

A

Can differentiate into a single type of cell

8
Q

What are induced pluripotent stem cells?

A

Pluripotent cell derived from unipotent cells by inducing genes and transcriptional factors within the cell to turn on genes

9
Q

What is a use of pluripotent cells

A
  • regrow tissue e.g skin tissue

- treat diseases e.g Parkinson’s disease

10
Q

what is self- renewal?

A

process where stem cells divide to produce identical copies of themselves

11
Q

why can’t xylem cells and red blood cells become unspecialised after they mature?

A

in their mature cells there is no nucleus

12
Q

how do cells become specialised?

A

certain genes are expressed and others are not at any one time

13
Q

give an example of a totipotent stem cell

A

fertilised egg

14
Q

give an example of a pluripotent stem cell

A

embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells

15
Q

give an example of a multipotent stem cell

A

umbilical cord blood stem cells

16
Q

give an example of a unipotent stem cell

A

adult tissue

17
Q

what are induced pluripotent stem cells similar to?

A

embryonic stem cells

18
Q

what uses can iPS cells do that is helpful for medical research?

A

self- renewal so no need to use embryonic stem cells

19
Q

what can induced pluripotent stem cells be used for in medicine?

A

regrow tissues

20
Q

what can embryonic stem cells different to?

A

any type of cell

21
Q

what can umbilical cord blood stem cells differentiate into?

A

red and white blood cells

22
Q

what can plantental stem cells differentiate into?

A

specific types of cells

23
Q

what an adult stem cells differentiate into?

A

same cells as to where they were produced