2020 hazards

Question 1

Outline the process of liquefaction.

Answer 1

Liquefaction can cause buildings and infrastructure to collapse as well as a significant risk to life as it acts like quick sand (1).

saturated soil with water and the vibrations of earth causes it to act like a liquid..

it is generally a loose sand as a tendency to compress when a load is applied

Question 2

Analyse the data shown in Figure 9a and Figure 9b.

Pedlav part A about rpeort4ed disasters

Answer 2

number of reported disasters, there is no overall pattern or trend.
The lowest number recorded is around 210 in 1992 with a peak of 430 in 2005.

Whilst the range is large, it is not possible to suggest a trend of increasing numbers of natural disasters.

Some may suggest that the 2000’s and 2010’s saw an increase compared to the 1990’s

. A longer time period would really be needed to test the idea of increasing hazards over time.

Question 3

Analyse the data shown in Figure 9a and Figure 9b.
Pedlav part A.
about economic damagage and the same 4 years

Answer 3

Typically, economic losses appear to be around $40 – $200bn, with the exception of 4 years where losses were much higher.

These same four years appear to be dominated by a small number of extreme events. In all four events damage was in excess of $250bn.

Question 4

Using Figures 10a, 10b, 10c and your own knowledge, assess the 9
potential issues associated with managing this event.

Answer 4

Evacuation is also likely to pose huge challenges ,due to dense population in that area. Safely mamboing the traffic would be a start

modelling this hurricane may become a challenging due the size of it.And can lead to further problems if it changes path.

There may well have been loss of life and serious injury, placing immense pressure on local emergency services. Similarly, the infrastructure will almost certainly have been damaged. Electricity supply, fresh water supply, sewage systems and roads networks are almost certain to have been disrupted. This presents a longer-term challenge of restoring the local community to the normal standard of living once the hurricane has passed.

Economic damage will be huge along with other factors.

Question 5

How far do you agree that storms and wildfire are increasing in 20
frequency and intensity, presenting an increasing threat to people? talking points

Answer 5

Spatial distribution, magnitude, frequency, regularity, predictability of hazard events.

Impacts:

fatalism.

. For the United States for example, models project up to a 90% increase in the frequency of Category 4 and 5 hurricanes.

Frequency and intensity vary from basin to basin. In the North Atlantic
Basin, the long-term (1966–2009) average number of tropical storms is about 11 annually, with about six becoming hurricanes. More recently (2000–2013), the average is about 16 tropical storms per year, including about eight hurricanes.