2020 Mod 10 Flashcards
(31 cards)
When you dissolve sodium fluoride in water, which compound is a solute and which compound is the solvent?
The solute equals sodium fluoride the solvent equals water
What happens to ionic compound when they dissolve?
They split into their constituent ions
What happens to polar covalent molecules when they dissolve
They dissolve one molecule at a time
What is wrong with this statement: it does not matter what’s the solvent is in determining the solubility
It’s wrong because it does matter what solvent it is. Each solvent dissolves differently in each solvent
Solubility
The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent
What does solubility depend on?
The solubility of any solute depends on both the identity of the solute and the identity of the solvent
What is the definition of a saturated solution
A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved
What is the definition of precipitation in chemistry
The process by which a solid solid leaves a solution and turns back into a solid phase
What kind of solute solid liquid or gas deserves the best under high temperature conditions
Solid
What kind of solute solid liquid or gas dissolves best under high-pressure conditions
Gas
What kind of solid solid liquid or gas has the solubility there is this affected by the conditions under which the solution is made
Liquid
If a solid Solute is not dissolving well in water what can you do to increase it solubility
Increase the temperature of the solution
If a gas solute is not dissolving well and water what can you do to increase it solubility
You can either increase the pressure and or decrease the temperature
If a chemist makes a solution in the beaker using water and saw you did the sauce endothermic live in water would you Expect the beaker to feel hot or cold
Cold
What is the definition of an exothermic process?
A process that releases heat
What is the definition of an endothermic process?
A process that absorbs heat
What is the definition of molarity
A concentration unit that tells how many moles of a substance or in a liter of solution. It is determined by dividing the number of moles of a substance by the numbers of liters of a solution.
M Equal number of moles over number of liters
What is the definition of molality (m)
The number of moles of a solute per kilograms of solvent.
m = Number of moles solute over number kg solvent
If you wanted to protect water from freezing, which compound would accomplish the best: NaNO3, Mg(NO3)2, or Al(NO3)3
Al(NO3)3
Yes please because when it splits into it I and it has the most. The more ions the bigger i is. Bigger i equals larger freezing point depression
What is the freezing point depression constant
It is a physical constant that depends solely on the chemical nature of the solvent
What is the boiling point elevation
When a solute is dissolved in a solvent the boiling point of the resulting solution is higher than that of the pure solvent
What is the equation for the freezing point depression
Equation 10.2
Triangle (Delta/Change in) T = -i • Kf • m
What is the equation for boiling point elevation?
Equation 10.3
Triangle (Delta/Change in) T = i • Kb • m
What are the requirements for dissolving for a solid
The solvent molecules must be attracted to the solute molecules so strongly that the solvent molecules can get between the solute molecules or ions and pull them far apart from each other
