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Flash cards study > 2023|fall semester exam review (questions) > Flashcards

2023|fall semester exam review (questions) Flashcards

1
Q

Which motion does the earth make every 24 hours?

A

Rotates once on its axis

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2
Q

Millions of pieces of rocky material of various sizes orbit the sun between the orbits of mars and Jupiter. These objects are known as-

A

Asteroids

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3
Q

The four planets that orbit closest to the Sun are best described as-

A

Having a rocky and terrestrial surface

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4
Q

Scientists discover a relatively small object in an orbital path around the Sun as shown in the diagram. Based on this information, the object is most like which of the following?

A

Comet

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5
Q

A moon orbits which celestial object?

A

Planet

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6
Q

A visible streak of light which shows the path of a rocky object which has entered Earth’s atmosphere is –

A

Meteor

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6
Q

Planets in the solar system follow an orbital path which most accurately described as-

A

More or less elliptical

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6
Q

What celestial body is the center of our solar system, around which every object orbits?

A

The sun

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6
Q

Most of the asteroids in our solar system are located between the orbits of what two objects?

A

Mars and Jupiter

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6
Q

Planets vary as they get farther from the Sun. As a rule, the farther a planet’s orbit from the Sun, -

A

The longer it takes them to orbit the sun

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6
Q

Which of the following governs the motion of our solar system?

A

Gravity

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6
Q

How do you calculate speed?

A

Distance/time

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6
Q

Which two factors affect the strength of the gravitational pull on two objects

A

Mass and distance

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6
Q

Planets in our solar system orbit the Sun because it –

A

Is the celestial body with the greatest mass

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6
Q

How do you calculate total work done?

A

Force X distance

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6
Q

Gravity can be defined as the-

A

Force of attraction between two or more masses

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6
Q

The gravitational attraction between two objects would increase if both masses are-

A

Increased, and the distance between them is decreased

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7
Q

What causes Earth to experience day and night?

A

The spinning of Earth on its axis

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8
Q

What science tool advanced space exploration by allowing humans to see better and farther into space?

A

Telescope

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8
Q

A space probe, a satellite, and a manned rocket all share what characteristic? They must be able to —

A

Communicate with people on earth

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9
Q

The International Space Station is a huge science laboratory that orbits Earth every 92 minutes. Experiments on board the International Space Station can help scientists learn —

A

How to solve problems of living in space

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10
Q

What is an important requirement for a manned spacecraft traveling through space?

A

A supply of oxygen for the astronauts

11
Q

A tether is a rope-like device that attaches an astronaut to a space vehicle during the time spent outside on a spacewalk. Why is a tether necessary for a spacewalk?

A

Without a tether, astronauts would float away due to the lack of gravity in space

12
Q

Which of the following is the first challenge that had to be overcome by rockets in order for humans to explore space? First, rockets needed..

A

enough thrust to overcome Earth’s gravity.

13
Q

What is the most important function of a space suit like the ones astronauts wear when walking in space?

A

To provide oxygen and protection from radiation

14
Q

Which of the following pieces of equipment helps scientists control spacecraft and analyze data received from space?

A

Computers

15
Q

Astronauts walking in space must wear space suits. The space suits provide all of the following EXCEPT—

A

Gravity

16
Q

Potential and kinetic energy are similar in that -

A

each kind can be converted into the other form.

17
Q

A book is sitting on a table. Which of the following actions would add to its potential energy?

A

Lifting it to a high shelf

18
Q

An airplane is demonstrating a conversion of kinetic to potential energy when –

A

It ascends to a higher altitude

19
Q

A snowball sits at the top of the hill. Which of the following changes will increase the kinetic energy of the snowball?

A

The snowball is pushed and rolls down the hill, gaining its speed

20
Q

Which of the following best represents potential energy?

A

A marble sitting at the top of a ramp

21
Q

As a boulder rolls from the top of a hill to the bottom, how does its potential and kinetic energy change?

A

Potential energy decreases and kinetic increases

22
Q

An object that is at rest will begin to move if which of the following is true?

A

Unbalanced forces act on the object

23
Q

A game of tug-of-war, in which two teams pull on opposite ends of a rope, is illustrated here. The center of the rope will move when which of the following is true?

A

One team pulls with more force than the other

24
Q

What is net force?

A

The sum of all the forces acting on an object

25
Q

The net force on an object determines the:

A

Motion of the object

26
Q

Which two measurements are needed in order to calculate the speed of an object in motion?

A

Distance and time

27
Q

If the distance an object travels and the time it takes to travel the distance are known, which of the following can be calculated?

A

Average speed

28
Q

Students are graphing data they recorded of a marble rolling across the floor in the classroom. Which of the following accurately describes a correct assignment of a label to the graph?

A

“Distance in Centimeters” on the y-axis

29
Q

If an object travels 42 meters in 6 seconds, what is its average speed?

A

7 m/s

29
Q

A student claims that unbalanced forces acting on an object in motion can cause all of the following results: * The object could stop moving * The object could speed up * The object could change directions The best evaluation of this student’s claims is that -

A

All of the claims are true

30
Q

What tools would a student use to measure the data needed to calculate the speed of a rolling marble?

A

A stopwatch and a meter stick

31
Q

Two model trains are running on tracks that are lined up next to each other.

The two trains are not moving at the same speed. What would cause one train to move faster than the other?

A

The faster train has more energy

32
Q

An inclined plane reduces the amount of force needed to move an object by —

A

Increasing the distance the object moves

33
Q

What is the disadvantage of using an inclined plane to lift a heavy object?

A

One object must be moved a greater distance

34
Q

Which of the following decreases when an object is moved using an inclined plane?

A

The force needed to move and object

35
Q

When an object is lifted directly from the ground rather than moved with an inclined plane, which of the following will be increased?

A

The force needed to move the object

36
Q

Using an inclined plane reduces the amount of force needed to lift a load while increasing the-

A

Distance the load must be moved

37
Q

What tools would a student need to calculate net work done on an object?

A

Balance, meter stick, stop watch, spring scale

38
Q

EXAMPLE: A student applies a force of 400 N across 50 meters. How much work, in joules, did the student perform?

A

20,000J

39
Q

EXAMPLE: A force of 20 N is applied to an object with a mass of 10 kg for 5 s of time. If the object does not move, the total work done in this situation in Joules is -

A

0J

40
Q

A student lifts an object to a certain height with no tools. Another student lifts the same object to the same height using a ramp. Which of the following remains the same for both students?

A

The amount of work done on an object

41
Q

The advantage of using an inclined plane is to reduce the —

A

Force needed to lift heavy objects

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