2024 sections A and B

Question 1

Which three chemicals are present in all lipids

Answer 1

Oxyegen Hydrogen Carbon

Question 2

How do fats differ to oils at room temp

Answer 2

fats are solid in room temperature oils are liquid at rt

Question 3

give one way phospholipids differ from triglycerides

Answer 3

Phosphate has 1 glycerol and 2 fatty acids and triglycerides have 3 fatty acids

Question 4

One Metabolic role for lipids in cells

Answer 4

Energy storage

Question 5

Name on fat soluble vitamin

Answer 5

vitamin D

Question 6

what is a hypothsesis

Answer 6

A possible explanation for an observation

Question 7

State two principles of good experimentation

Answer 7

Large sample size and Random selection

Question 8

Outline the steps of scientific method that follow the design of an experiment

Answer 8

Carry out the proccedure
Gather results
Repeat the experiment
Analyse data
make conclusions

Question 9

One limitation of the scientific method

Answer 9

the extent of our knowledge

Question 10

function of the eosophagus

Answer 10

transports food to the stomach

Question 11

Function of the liver

Answer 11

produces bile
stores vitamins, minerals and glycogen

Question 12

function of the pancreas

Answer 12

produces pancreatic juice

Question 13

one structural feature of small intestines

Answer 13

has a large network of capillaries

Question 14

two functions of symbiotic bacteria in the alimentary canal

Answer 14

produces vitamin B and K
competes with pathogens

Question 15

what type of plant tissue are xylem and phleom

Answer 15

Vascular

Question 16

Function of the xylem

Answer 16

Transports water and minerals

Question 17

One function of the phleom

Answer 17

transports food

Question 18

difference between endotherm and ectotherm

Answer 18

endotherms have a constant body temperature
ectotherms have a body temperature that varies with the environment

Question 19

difference between a ligament and tendon

Answer 19

Tendons attach musle to bone Ligament join bone to bone

Question 20

What is the differnece between Haploid and Diploid

Answer 20

Haploids have on set of chromosomes Diploids have two sets of chromosomes

Question 21

Difference between systolic and diastolic

Answer 21

systolic; heart muscle is contractioning
Diastole; heart muscle releases

Question 22

What is geneetic engineering

Answer 22

artificial manipulation of a gene

Question 23

Steps of genetic engeneering

Answer 23

Isloation: Removing DNA from a cell
Cutting: DNA is cut using restriction enzymes
Tranformation: Target DNA is placed in plasmid and is accepted by cell
Expression: Production of protein

Question 24

one application of genetic engeneering in animals, plants and micro organisms

Answer 24

Animals: sheep that produce proteins that treat emphysema
Plants: weed killer resistant crop
Microorganisms: bacteria used to produce human insulin

Question 25

coding dna

Answer 25

has genetic instructions to produce protein

Question 26

non coding DNA [junk dna]

Answer 26

Has genetic instuctions that do not produce protein

Question 27

How to isolate DNA from tissue of a plant

Answer 27

1] Chop up kiwi or an onion {this increases the surface area for the washup liquid to act on} 2] Add sodium chloride [salt] to the wash up liquid in distilled water 3] Add kiwi to the wash up liquid and salt solution 4] Place this solution in a water bath an 60 degrees for 15 mins{denatures enzyme that prevents dna from being digested} 5] Place the solution in a water bath that is ice cold for 5 minutes {slowwws down the reaction of DNA} 6]Place the solution in a blender for 3 secs{Cell walls are broken down so dna is released} 7]Filter the solution using coffee filter paper 8]Using a syringe, place some of the filtered solution into a boiling tube 9] Add protease enzyme which helps the breakdown of proteins around the DNA 10] Add ice cold ethanol slowly down the boiling tube 11] Using a glass rod DNA should attach to it as it is twisted

Question 28

What is an enzyme

Answer 28

A biological protein cataylst

Question 29

advantage of immobalising enzymes

Answer 29

They can be reused

Question 30

Name of enzyme of cell immobalised

Answer 30

catalase

Question 31

Immobabalised enzyme experiment

Question 32

dormancy in seeds

Answer 32

period of low metabolic activity

Question 33

one advantage of dormancy

Answer 33

survives adverse conditions

Question 34

Investigation of action of digestive enzymes ingerminating seeds using starch agar

Answer 34

Soak 4 broadbeans in water for a day {softens the testa and removes in habitors present} Wash the bench with disinfectant Kill 2 seeds by boiling them in water for 5 mins{control} Use a backed blade to cut 4 seeds in half {increase the surface area between the enzymes in the seeds and starch agar} Sterilise the seeds by soaking them in disinfectant for 10 mins flame the forceps to sterilise Place 4 seed halfs unboiled, cut side down on the yeast agar label dish A Place 4 seed halfs boiled, cut side down into the starch agar label dish B Add Iodine to dishes Results In dish A there are clear spots under the seeds, the rest of the agar is blue black. The enzyme amylase in this dish breaks down the starck In the control dish turns blue black, amylase is denatured.