2.03 Perspectives on Personality Flashcards

(43 cards)

1
Q

Behaviorist

A

define personality as a set of learned responses

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2
Q

a habit

A

a well-learned response that has become automatic

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3
Q

social cognitive theorists

A

emphasize the importance of other’s behaviors and one’s own expectations

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4
Q

social cognitive

A

unlike traditional behaviorism, includes social and mental processes and their influence on behavior (includes Albert Bandura’s ideas of reciprocal determinism)

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5
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

explanation of how environment, personal characteristics, and behavior interact to determine future behavio

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6
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Reciprocal Determinism

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7
Q

self-efficacy

A

characteristic in which a person perceives a behavior as more or less effective based on previous experiences

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8
Q

Julian Rotter

A

social learning theory

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9
Q

Thorndike’s law of effect

A

people are motivated to seek reinforcement and avoid punishment

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10
Q

Social learning theory

A

learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context

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11
Q

locus of control - internal

A

people assume that their own actions and decisions directly affect the consequences they experience

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12
Q

locus of control - external

A

people who assume that their lives are controlled by others, luck, or fate. This belief can lead to learned helplessness or depression

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13
Q

humanistic

A

focuses on those aspects of personality that make people unique

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14
Q

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

A

Humanistic

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15
Q

Self-Actualization

A

striving to fulfill innate capabilities

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16
Q

Self-Concept

A

image of oneself that develops from interactions with significant people in one’s life (includes real self and ideal self)

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17
Q

real self

A

a person’s actual perception of traits and abilities

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18
Q

ideal self

A

perception of what a person would like to be or thinks he or she should be

19
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Ideal self and real self

20
Q

positive regard

A

warmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one’s life

21
Q

conditional postive regard

A

positive regard only given when the person is doing what the providers wish

22
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached

23
Q

current thoughts of humanistic perspective

A

picture is a little too rosy, very difficult to test scientifically, and connection to “positive psychology”

24
Q

trait

A

a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behavior

25
trait theories
characteristics that make up human personality in order to predict future behaviors
26
Gorden Allport and Raymond Cattell
trait theories
27
surface traits
can be seen by other people in the outward action of a person
28
source traits
more basic traits forming core of personality
29
Big Five Theory
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
30
McCrae and Costa
Big Five
31
Openness
willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences
32
conscientousness
the care a person gives to organization and thoughtfulness of others
33
extraversion
one's need to be around other people; introversion and extroversion
34
agreeableness
the emotional style of a person
35
neuroticism
degree of emotional stability or instability
36
behavioral genetics
the study of heredity and personality
37
study of twins and adopted children OR "Jim Twin" Study
behavioral genetics
38
Geert Hofstede
cultural personality
39
Four basic dimensions of cultural personality
individualism/collectivism, power distance, masculinity/femininity, and uncertainty avoidance
40
individualism vs. collectivism
individualistic cultures tend to have loose ties between individuals, look after themselves and immediate family only. collectivistic cultures include people who are deeply tied into very strong in-groups, extended families
41
power distance
refers to the degree to which the less powerful members of a culture accept and even expect that the power within the culture is held in the hands of a select few, rather than being more evenly distributed
42
masculinity vs. femininity
referring to how a culture distributes the roles played by men and women within a culture. Masculine cultures are assertive and competitive, and feminine cultures are modest and caring
43
uncertainty avoidance
some cultures are more tolerant of uncertainty and unstructured situations. Cultures who do not tolerate uncertainty and lack of structure tend to have strict rules and laws