2.03 Perspectives on Personality Flashcards
(43 cards)
Behaviorist
define personality as a set of learned responses
a habit
a well-learned response that has become automatic
social cognitive theorists
emphasize the importance of other’s behaviors and one’s own expectations
social cognitive
unlike traditional behaviorism, includes social and mental processes and their influence on behavior (includes Albert Bandura’s ideas of reciprocal determinism)
Reciprocal determinism
explanation of how environment, personal characteristics, and behavior interact to determine future behavio
Albert Bandura
Reciprocal Determinism
self-efficacy
characteristic in which a person perceives a behavior as more or less effective based on previous experiences
Julian Rotter
social learning theory
Thorndike’s law of effect
people are motivated to seek reinforcement and avoid punishment
Social learning theory
learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context
locus of control - internal
people assume that their own actions and decisions directly affect the consequences they experience
locus of control - external
people who assume that their lives are controlled by others, luck, or fate. This belief can lead to learned helplessness or depression
humanistic
focuses on those aspects of personality that make people unique
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Humanistic
Self-Actualization
striving to fulfill innate capabilities
Self-Concept
image of oneself that develops from interactions with significant people in one’s life (includes real self and ideal self)
real self
a person’s actual perception of traits and abilities
ideal self
perception of what a person would like to be or thinks he or she should be
Carl Rogers
Ideal self and real self
positive regard
warmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one’s life
conditional postive regard
positive regard only given when the person is doing what the providers wish
unconditional positive regard
positive regard that is given without conditions or strings attached
current thoughts of humanistic perspective
picture is a little too rosy, very difficult to test scientifically, and connection to “positive psychology”
trait
a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behavior