Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paeds > Caries and Fluoride > Flashcards

Caries and Fluoride Flashcards

1
Q

Factors which influence caries risk

A
  1. Previous caries exposure
  2. Dietary habits
  3. Plaque control
  4. Medical history
  5. sources of fluoride
  6. Tooth structure (local/general)
  7. Social history
  8. Saliva
  9. Wearing an intra-oral appliance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sources of fluoride

A

Water - added or natural
Diet - fish, offal, tea
Toothpaste
Prescribed - mouthwash, tablets, gels, toothpaste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ideal amount of water fluoridation

A

1ppm

Results in 50% overall reduction in causes, particular interproximal and smooth surface. 30% in pits and fissures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does fluoride work

A

Reduces the rate of demineralisation. Creates fluoroapetite crystals which reduce the critical pH from 5.5 to 3.5
low concentrations of fluoride in saliva creates fluorapatite crystals which reduce the crticial pH from 5.5 to 3.3 and thus more resistant to acid dissolution. it also has an affect on bacteria where it leads to inhibition of the enolase enzyme which is imoortant in glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

0.32 % Sodium fluoride = how Na mfp/ ppm F

A

1.14% and 1500 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

0.22% Sodium fluoride = how Na mfp/ ppm F

A

0.76% and 1000 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

0.11% Sodium fluoride = how Na mfp/ ppm F

A

0.38% and 500 ppm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The benefit of using fluoride toothpaste is shown only at…

A

1000 ppm and higher

marhino et al 2003

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is duraphat varnish

A

5% sodium fluoride, 22600 ppm fluoride, 50mg/ml

Has to be applied professionally and must refrain from eating and drinking for at least 30 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do you not give duraphat toothpaste

A

Ulcerative gingivitis
stomatitis
history of admission to hospital because of allergy, including asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fluoride that children 0-3 should be using

A

1000ppm fluoride toothpaste, use a smear twice daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fluoride that children 3+ should be using

A

1350-1500ppm. Fluoride toothpaste, use a pea-sized amount twice daily PLUS duraphat twice yearly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High caries risk children

A

All should use 1350-1500ppm toothpaste and duraphat varnish 3-4 yearly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sodium fluoride mouthwash for ages 6+

A

Sodium fluoride mouthwash 0.05%, 10 ml daily

Sodium fluoride mouthwash 0.2%, 10ml weekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prescribing duraphat toothpaste

A

10+ years - 2800ppm, 0.619% NaF

16+ years - 5000ppm, 1.1% NaF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dose of fluoride that causes GI upset

A

approx 1mg F/kg body weight

17
Q

Lethal poisoning of fluoride

A

32-64 mg F/kg body weight

18
Q

What does too much fluoride do?

A
  1. Blocks cell metabolism
  2. Interference with calcium metabolism
  3. nerve-impulse and conduction
19
Q

Signs and symptoms of overdose

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, excess salivation/tears/mucous/sweat, headache, generalised weakness

20
Q

What is the level of fluoride in bristol water?

A

0.1-0.3ppm

21
Q

What range of fluoride is needed in saliva to prevent caries?

A

0.02-0.04
below 0.02: caries susceptible
above 0.04: non caries susceptible

22
Q

How does fluoride block the enzyme enolase?

A

below pH 5.0 fluorde becomes hydrofluoric acid

23
Q

At what level is fluoride in toothpaste effective? Reference?

A

Marinho 2003

1000ppm and higher

24
Q

When is the risk for fluorisis highest?

A

below 12/12

Marinho 2003

25
Q

What evidence is there supporting the effect of fluoride on caries in permanent vs deciduous teeth?
reference?

A

Permanent: reduction in caries seen when supplements given
Primary: effect not clear

Tubert 2011

26
Q

How effective is fluoride varnish in permanent vs primary teeth? reference?

A

Adult: 46% reduction
Primary teeth: 33%

Marinho 2002

27
Q

How do you deal with fluoride overdose?

A

Clear history
try to establish the amount of fluoride ingested
give as much milk/milk of magnesia as possible

28
Q

How do you manage an excess of 5mg/kg fluroide?

A

Give milk and observe for 4 hours

29
Q

How do you manage an overdose of 5-15mg/kg?

A

gastric lavage, ED

30
Q

How do you manage an overdose of more than 15mg/kg?

A

send to ED, calcium gluconate IV, activated charcoal 1g/kg, gastric lavage, life support and cardiac monitoring

31
Q

How does fluorosis occur?

A

Fluoride effects mineral acquisition, and it is more likely to occur after high bolus or repeated low level

32
Q

When are the centrals at greatest risk of fluorisis?

A

15-30 months

33
Q

How can fluorosis be classified?

A

mild : few specks
moderate : mottling
severe: enamel hypoplasia

34
Q

How can you prevent fluoride overdose?

A

Aim for topical rather than systemic
Avoid critical age 0-6
prescribe a maximum of 120mg at any one time

35
Q

How does CPP-ACP work?

A

stabilises Ca and Phsophate ions via phosphrylated serine groups creating supersaturated silutions of these ions

36
Q

How long does CPP-ACP last?

A

3 hours

Paeds (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions